Question NW1891 to the Minister of Health

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02 September 2021 - NW1891

Profile picture: Gwarube, Ms S

Gwarube, Ms S to ask the Minister of Health

What are the national minimum standards for (a) air ambulances, (b) helicopters and (c) fixed-wing aircraft?

Reply:

The national minimum standards for provision of air ambulances, regardless of whether is a rotor-wing helicopter or a fixed-wing aircraft used, is prescribed in the EMS Regulations, 2017.

EMS Regulations in relation to aeromedical services indicate that:

  • the provider is required to be registered to provide such services within the category of Aeromedical Services with the respective provincial Department of Health where it is operating from.
  • This registration should also involve the inspection and accreditation of the station/hangar operated from.
  • The aircraft operator must hold the appropriate G7 licence and CATS Part 138 accreditation as specified by the Civil Aviation Authority of South Africa.

An extensive minimum list of equipment is detailed in the attached Annexure B of the EMS Regulations.

With regards to the medical crew:

  • The senior medical staff member on the air ambulance must be registered in the category of a Paramedic or Emergency Care Technician or Emergency Care Practitioner with the Health Professions Council of South Africa, who shall hold valid CAT 138, Aviation Health Care Provider, Advanced Cardiac Life Support, Intermediate Trauma Life Support or Advanced Trauma Life Support and Paediatric Advanced Life Support or equivalent certificates.
  • The minimum staffing requirement for the second staff member on an ambulance shall be a person registered in at least the category of Basic Ambulance Assistant with the Health Professions Council of South Africa.
  • All crew are required to practice within their respective scope of practice as approved by the Health Professions Council of South Africa: Professional Board for Emergency Care.

Annexure B

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Airway Equipment

ILS Ambulance

ALS Ambulance

ILS Response Vehicle

Medical Rescue Vehicle

ALS Response Vehicle

ALS Air Ambulance

Oropharyngeal Airway Nos. 00,0,1,2,3,4

2 each

2 each

2 each

2 each

2 each

2 each

Hard Suction Catheter (Paediatric)

2

2

2

2

2

2

Neonatal Suction Catheters Size No. 5 FG

2

2

2

2

2

2

Neonatal Suction Catheters Size No. 6 FG

2

2

2

2

2

2

Neonatal Suction Catheters Size No 8 FG

2

2

2

2

2

2

Paediatric Suction Catheter Size No. 10 FG

1

1

1

1

1

1

Adult Suction Catheter Size No. 12 FG h

1

1

1

1

1

1

Adult Suction Catheter Size No. 14 FG

1

1

1

1

1

1

Neonatal Suction Catheters Size No. 5 FG

1

1

1

1

1

1

Neonatal Suction Catheters Size No. 6 FG

1

1

1

1

1

1

Neonatal Suction Catheters Size No 8 FG

1

1

1

1

1

1

Paediatric Suction Catheter Size No. 10 FG

1

OPTIONAL

1

1

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

Adult Suction Catheter Size No. 12 FG

0

1

0

0

1

1

Adult Suction Catheter Size No. 14 FG

2

2

2

2

2

2

Portable Suction Apparatus (Combination of Battery and Electrically Operated)

1

1

1

1

1

1

Manual Hand Operated Portable Suction Apparatus (As a backup device)

1

1

1

1

1

1

Stethoscope (Combination of diaphragm and bell type head)

1

1

1

1

1

1

Endotracheal Intubation Equipment

ILS Ambulance

ALS Ambulance

ILS Response Vehicle

Medical Rescue Vehicle

ALS Response Vehicle

ALS Air Ambulance

Laryngoscope set for adult and paediatric including the following:

           

Handle with batteries in full working condition

0

1

0

0

1

1

Batteries - spare for laryngoscope

0

2

0

0

2

2

Size 0 blade

0

1

0

0

1

1

Size 1 blade

0

1

0

0

1

1

Size 2 blade

0

1

0

0

1

1

Size 3 blade

0

1

0

0

1

1

Size 4 blade

0

1

0

0

1

1

Size 5 blade

0

OPTIONAL

0

0

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

Disposable, sterile ET tubes including the following:

           

Size 2.5 mm ID ET tube

0

2

0

0

2

2

Size 3 mm ID ET tube

0

2

0

0

2

2

Size 3.5 mm ID ET tube

0

2

0

0

2

2

Size 4 mm ID ET tube

0

2

0

0

2

2

Size 4.5 mm ID ET tube

0

2

0

0

2

2

Size 5 mm ID ET tube

0

2

0

0

2

2

Size 5 mm ID ET tube (cuffed, high volume, low pressure)

0

2

0

0

2

2

Size 5.5 mm ID ET tube (cuffed, high volume, low pressure)

0

2

0

0

2

2

Size 6 mm ID ET tube (cuffed, high volume, low pressure)

0

2

0

0

2

2

Size 6.5 mm ID ET tube (cuffed, high volume, low pressure)

0

2

0

0

2

2

Size 7 mm ID ET tube (cuffed, high volume, low pressure)

0

2

0

0

2

2

Size 7.5 mm ID ET tube (cuffed, high volume, low pressure)

0

2

0

0

2

2

Size 8 mm ID ET tube (cuffed, high volume, low pressure)

0

2

0

0

2

2

Size 8.5 mm ID ET tube (cuffed, high volume, low pressure)

0

2

0

0

2

2

Sub-glottic Laryngeal Mask (LMA), size 1

0

2

0

0

2

2

Sub-glottic Laryngeal Mask (LMA), size 1.5

0

2

0

0

2

2

Sub-glottic Laryngeal Mask (LMA), size 2

0

2

0

0

2

2

Sub-glottic Laryngeal Mask (LMA), size 2.5

0

2

0

0

2

2

Sub-glottic Laryngeal Mask (LMA), size 3

0

2

0

0

2

2

Sub-glottic Laryngeal Mask (LMA), size 3.5

0

2

0

0

2

2

Sub-glottic Laryngeal Mask (LMA), size 4

0

2

0

0

2

2

Sub-glottic Laryngeal Mask (LMA), size 4.5

0

2

0

0

2

2

Sub-glottic Laryngeal Mask (LMA), size 5

0

2

0

0

2

2

Endotracheal Intubation Equipment Continued

ILS Ambulance

ALS Ambulance

ILS Response Vehicle

Medical Rescue Vehicle

ALS Response Vehicle

ALS Air Ambulance

Small ET tube introducer

0

1

0

0

1

1

Large ET tube introducer

0

1

0

0

1

1

Gum Elastic Bougie

0

1

0

0

1

1

Magill forceps - Adult

1

1

1

1

1

1

Magill forceps - Paediatric

1

1

1

1

1

1

10ml syringes

0

1

0

0

1

1

20ml syringes

0

2

0

0

2

2

Pair sharp, clean scissors

0

1

0

0

1

1

1m Tape / ET tube securing device

0

2

0

0

2

2

Water soluble lubricant gel

0

2

0

0

2

2

Heimlich type Flutter valves

0

2

0

0

2

2

Heat moisture exchanger valve for ventilated patients

0

1

0

0

1

1

Breathing / Ventilation Equipment

ILS Ambulance

ALS Ambulance

ILS Response Vehicle

Medical Rescue Vehicle

ALS Response Vehicle

ALS Air Ambulance

Adult oxygen masks providing 40% inhaled oxygen with tubing

4

4

4

4

4

4

Adult non-rebreather masks providing 100% inhaled oxygen with tubing

2

2

2

2

2

2

Adult oxygen nebuliser masks including tubing and fluid reservoir

2

2

2

2

2

2

Nasal cannula with tubing

2

2

2

2

2

2

Paediatric oxygen masks providing 40% inhaled oxygen with tubing

2

2

2

2

2

2

Paediatric non-rebreather masks providing 100% inhaled oxygen with tubing

2

2

2

2

2

2

Paediatric oxygen nebuliser masks including tubing and a fluid reservoir

2

2

2

2

2

2

Oxygen T-Piece with tubing

2

2

2

2

2

2

Adult Bag-Valve-Mask with Reservoir and adult mask (size 4)

1

1

1

1

1

1

Paediatric Bag-Valve-Mask with Reservoir and paediatric mask (size 1)

1

1

1

1

1

1

Neonatal Bag-Valve-Mask with Reservoir and neonatal mask (size 0)

1

1

1

1

1

1

Oxygen Humidification Device

1

1

0

0

1

1

Oxygen Supply

ILS Ambulance

ALS Ambulance

ILS Response Vehicle

Medical Rescue Vehicle

ALS Response Vehicle

ALS Air Ambulance

Minimum of a portable oxygen cylinder. Size “D”

2

2

2

2

2

2

Portable oxygen cylinder gauge with flow meter

1

1

1

1

1

1

Fitted oxygen cylinder/s, size “F” capable of supplying a minimum of 30 minutes of oxygen at a flow rate of at least 15 litres per minute.

2

2

0

0

0

2

Fitted oxygen cylinder gauge with flow meter

1

1

0

0

0

1

Ventilator

ILS Ambulance

ALS Ambulance

ILS Response Vehicle

Medical Rescue Vehicle

ALS Response Vehicle

ALS Air Ambulance

Mechanical volume cycled ventilator with PEEP valve & pressure relief valve, with appropriate fitting allowing connection to fitted oxygen supply within the ambulance, including the following features (requires annual calibration certification):

0

1

0

0

1

1

• Volume and pressure control:

           

• Volume

           

• Inspiratory Pressure

           

• PEEP

           

• Fi02

           

• Rate

           

• Alarms (Peak Inspiratory Pressure, Low Pressure)

           

Heat moisture exchanger valve for both manual as well as mechanical ventilation methods.

2

2

2

2

2

2

Diagnostic /Therapeutic Equipment

ILS Ambulance

ALS Ambulance

ILS Response Vehicle

Medical Rescue Vehicle

ALS Response Vehicle

ALS Air Ambulance

Sphygmomanometer including adult, paediatric and neonatal cuffs

1

1

1

1

1

1

Pupil torch

1

1

1

1

1

1

Glucometer and blood glucose monitoring strips

1

1

1

1

1

1

Pulse Oximeter (if not included as a feature of an ECG monitor or electronic patient monitor)

1

1

1

1

1

1

Automated External Defibrillator (AED) (annual calibration not required due to self-testing and self-calibration of the unit)

0

0

0

0

0

0

Automated External Defibrillator (AED) that is approved by the manufacturer for use in a moving vehicle, To be used in combination with a Vital Signs Monitor that includes visual 3 lead ECG Monitoring and a ECG rhythm printer/recorder feature (Vital Signs Monitor requires annual calibration certification)

1

0

1

1

0

0

OR

 

 

 

 

 

 

ECG monitor and defibrillator featuring 3 lead ECG monitoring capability, 3 lead cable, AED capability, AED pads, manual defibrillation, recorder / printer with paper and hard defibrillation paddles (requires annual calibration certification)

1

0

1

1

0

0

ECG monitor and defibrillator featuring 3 lead ECG monitoring capability, external cardiac pacing, cardioversion, pacing/AED pads, manual defibrillation, recorder / printer with paper and hard defibrillation paddles (requires annual calibration certification)

0

1

0

0

1

1

Defibrillation gel

1

1

1

1

1

1

End Tidal CO2 Monitor – Capnograph (if not included as a feature of an ECG monitor or electronic patient monitor)

0

1

0

0

1

1

Miscellaneous Disposable Equipment

ILS Ambulance

ALS Ambulance

ILS Response Vehicle

Medical Rescue Vehicle

ALS Response Vehicle

ALS Air Ambulance

Boxes of disposable examination gloves (S,M,L)

1

each

1

each

1

each

1

Each

1

Each

1

each

Wound dressings 100mm x 100mm

5

5

5

5

5

5

Wound dressings 100mm x 200mm

4

4

4

4

4

4

Hydrogel Burn Dressing 100mm x 100mm

2

2

2

2

2

2

Hydrogel Burn Dressing 200mm x 200mm

1

1

1

1

1

1

Hydrogel Burn Dressing 200mm x 450mm

2

2

2

2

2

2

Gauze swabs (100mm x 100mm)

20

20

20

20

20

20

Roll of 25 mm adhesive tape (zinc oxide)

1

1

1

1

1

1

Roll of 10 mm adhesive tape (hypo-allergenic)

1

1

1

1

1

1

75mm elasticised bandages

4

4

4

4

4

4

100mm elasticised bandages

4

4

4

4

4

4

Sealed maternity pack (including 2 x sealed & sterile surgical blades, 4 x sealed sanitary pads, 2 x sealed space blankets, 4 x sealed & sterile umbilical cord clamps, 1 x sealed & sterile mucous extractor)

1

1

1

1

1

1

Regurgitation bags

Or

Large kidney bowl / receiver (may not be a bedpan)

4

4

0

0

0

4

 

1

1

0

0

0

4

Sealed space blanket

4

4

4

4

4

4

Clear safety goggles

2

2

2

2

2

2

Range of nasogastric tubes, including:

0

1

0

0

1

1

Size 5 French

0

1

0

0

1

1

Size 8 French

0

1

0

0

1

1

Size 10 French

0

1

0

0

1

1

Size 12 French

0

1

0

0

1

1

Size 14 French

0

1

0

0

1

1

Size 18 French

0

1

0

0

1

1

Urine drainage bag

0

2

0

0

2

2

Foleys catheters FG5, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18

0

1

0

0

1

1

Intravenous Therapy Equipment

ILS Ambulance

ALS Ambulance

ILS Response Vehicle

Medical Rescue Vehicle

ALS Response Vehicle

ALS Air Ambulance

Alcohol Swab (30mm x 30mm)

30

30

30

30

30

30

14 gauge intra-venous catheters

2

2

2

2

2

2

16 gauge intra-venous catheters

2

2

2

2

2

2

18 gauge intra-venous catheters

2

2

2

2

2

2

20 gauge intra-venous catheters

2

2

2

2

2

2

22 gauge intra-venous catheters

2

2

2

2

2

2

24 gauge intra-venous catheters

2

2

2

2

2

2

60 micro drops / ml – Administration Sets

2

2

2

2

2

2

Intraosseous needle or device with needle

0

1

0

0

1

1

15 drops / ml or 20 drops / ml- Administration Sets

2

2

2

2

2

2

10 drops / ml – Blood Administration Set

2

2

2

2

2

2

High Capacity 10 drops / ml Administration Set

0

1

0

0

1

1

Volume Control Administration Set (eg. Buretrol, Dosifix)

0

1

0

0

1

1

200ml Normal Saline – IV Fluid

2

2

2

2

2

2

1000ml Ringers Lactate – IV Fluid

Or

1000ml Balsol – IV Fluid

2

2

2

2

2

2

 

2

2

2

2

2

2

500ml Synthetic Colloid e.g. Haemacell / Haes-sterile

1

1

1

1

1

1

Transparent, waterproof, IV securing dressing (e.g. Tegaderm or similar) minimum of 10cm x 12cm dimensions

8

8

8

8

8

8

Infusion flow regulators (eg Dial-a-Flow, Dosi Flow)

2

2

2

2

2

2

3 Way Stopcock

1

2

1

1

2

2

Spencer Wells Artery Forceps

2

2

2

2

2

2

Pressure Infusion Bags

0

2

0

0

2

2

Medicines Therapy Sundries

ILS Ambulance

ALS Ambulance

ILS Response Vehicle

Medical Rescue Vehicle

ALS Response Vehicle

ALS Air Ambulance

50 ml syringes

0

1

0

0

1

1

20 ml syringes

2

2

2

2

2

2

10 ml syringes

2

2

2

2

2

2

5 ml syringes

2

2

2

2

2

2

2 ml syringes

2

2

2

2

2

2

1 ml syringes

0

2

0

0

2

2

16 gauge needles

4

4

4

4

4

4

20 gauge needles

4

4

4

4

4

4

Medicines

ILS

ALS

 

Medicines to be carried by the on-duty registered practitioner as per HPCSA approved scope of practice for a registered Ambulance Emergency Assistant or a registered Emergency Care Assistant.

Medicines to be carried by the on-duty registered practitioner as per HPCSA approved scope of practice for a registered Paramedic or a registered Emergency Care Technician or registered Emergency Care Practitioner.

Transport and Immobilization Equipment

ILS Ambulance

ALS Ambulance

ILS Response Vehicle

Medical Rescue Vehicle

ALS Response Vehicle

ALS Air Ambulance

Hard/Stiff Neck Cervical Collars – Small

2

2

2

2

2

2

Hard/Stiff Neck Cervical Collars – Medium

2

2

2

2

2

2

Hard/Stiff Neck Cervical Collars – Large

2

2

2

2

2

2

Full set of Soft Cervical Collars (Small, Medium, Large)

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

Patient Extrication Device – Adult (e.g. KED)

1

1

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

Patient Extrication Device – Paediatric (e.g. KED)

1

1

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

Long spine board

1

1

0

0

0

OPTIONAL

Scoop stretcher

1

1

0

1

0

1

Vacuum Mattress

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

0

0

0

1

Set Head Blocks

2

2

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

2

Spider harness

2

2

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

2

Lower extremity traction splint – Adult

1

1

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

Lower extremity traction splint – Paediatric

1

1

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

Long splints – Leg

6

6

6

6

6

6

Short splints – Arm

4

4

4

4

4

4

Other

ILS Ambulance

ALS Ambulance

ILS Response Vehicle

Medical Rescue Vehicle

ALS Response Vehicle

ALS Air Ambulance

Pillow

2

2

0

0

0

2

Sheet

6

6

1

0

1

1

Blanket

2

2

0

0

0

1

Bedpan/urinal

1

1

0

0

0

OPTIONAL

Waste disposal facility (enclosed container)

1

1

0

0

0

1

Red, medical waste disposal plastic bags

6

6

6

6

6

2

Enclosed, commercially manufactured, disposable sharps container

1

1

1

1

1

1

Suitably manufactured Jump Bag for safe, clean and secure storage and transportation of medical equipment

1

1

1

1

1

1

Suitably manufactured Drug Pouch for safe, clean and secure storage and transportation of medication and administration accessories

0

1

0

0

1

1

Pair rescue scissors

1

1

1

1

1

1

High visibility, reflective vest and / or jacket

2

2

1

2

1

OPTIONAL

Safety helmet

2

2

1

2

1

OPTIONAL

Fire Extinguisher (minimum of 2KG dry powder)

1

1

1

1

1

OPTIONAL

Thermometer (standard)

1

1

1

1

1

1

Casebook or patient record sheet

1

1

1

1

1

1

Map book or fitted GPS device

1

1

1

1

1

1

Requirements for MICU transfers - the following requirements are per station, and not per vehicle (mandatory)

ILS Ambulance

ALS Ambulance

ILS Response Vehicle

Medical Rescue Vehicle

ALS Response Vehicle

ALS Air Ambulance

Vital signs monitor (requires annual calibration certification) - or separate automated NIBP, SpO2, electronic capnograph

0

1

0

0

1

1

Infusion pump including appropriate administration sets (requires annual calibration certification)

0

1

0

0

1

1

Syringe driver including approved syringes (requires annual calibration certification)

0

1

0

0

1

1

Requirements for MICU neonatal transfers – the following requirements are per station, and not per vehicle (optional):

ILS Ambulance

ALS Ambulance

ILS Response Vehicle

Medical Rescue Vehicle

ALS Response Vehicle

ALS Air Ambulance

Automated neonatal ventilator (requires annual calibration certification) - or mechanical ventilator featuring neonatal, paediatric and adult ventilation modes

0

access

0

0

access

1

Transport incubator with backup power and on board alarms (requires annual confirmation of servicing)

0

access

0

0

access

1

Vital signs monitor with neonatal probes (requires annual calibration certification)

0

access

0

0

access

1

Oxygen inspired analyser

0

access

0

0

access

1

Incubator head box

0

access

0

0

access

1

Neonatal SPO2 probe and monitor (if not included as a feature of the vital signs monitor)

0

access

0

0

access

1

 

END.

Source file