Hansard: Budget 2009/10 speech by Minister of Finance

House: National Assembly

Date of Meeting: 11 Feb 2009

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Minutes


WEDNESDAY, 11 FEBRUARY 2009

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

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The House met at 14:00.

The Speaker took the Chair and requested members to observe a moment of silence for prayer or meditation.

APPROPRIATION BILL

WESTERN CAPE INHERITED DEBT RELIEF BILL

(Introduction)

The MINISTER OF FINANCE: Madam Speaker, Mr President, Deputy President, President of the ANC, distinguished Cabinet colleagues and Deputy Ministers, hon members, Governor and Deputy Governors of the South African Reserve Bank, MECs for Finance, ambassadors and high commissioners, distinguished representatives or members of the diplomatic corps, our friends in the gallery – and wherever you may be this afternoon, sharing with us, fellow South Africans, ladies and gentlemen; from time to time in the Budget Speech we have chosen to go back to the words of wisdom of some other people to test that which we do and that which we believe and members of this House will not be surprised that I go back to the Nigerian writer Ben Okri, who writes:

If the things we face are greater and more important than the things we refuse to face, then at least we have begun the re-evalution of the world. At least we have begun to learn to see and live again. But if we refuse to face any of our awkward and deepest truths, then sooner or later, we are going to have to become deaf and blind. And then eventually we are going to have to silence our dreams, and the dreams of others. In other words, we die. We die in life.

Part of living out the dreams of others is remembering today that it is 11 February; it is almost 19 years to the minute of the date that Nelson Mandela walked out of Victor Verster, a free man. [Applause.] Part of these dreams that we live out and hold onto, are the dreams of our forebears. They are the dreams of very ordinary people in this country. They are the hopes and aspirations for themselves and their children and part of what we have as a responsibility as decision-makers in this country. It is the ability to stand between our people and their dreams.

Madam Speaker, the storm that we spoke of last year has broken, and it is more severe than anyone anticipated. Confronted with the prospect of an economic cataclysm, world leaders have announced huge supportive interventions. A transformation of the world economy is indeed in progress, which we trust will tame the excesses of unregulated financial markets. A restructuring of global trade and incomes is underway which we hope will bring greater opportunities to the world's poor. But for now, the transition has brought sizeable disruptions.

The Budget that I have the honour to table here today, Madam Speaker, remains firmly focused on the longer term transformation challenge. While responding to the changed economic outlook, our primary goal remains the reconstruction and development of our economy, and the progressive building of a shared future in which we can take pride in the quality of our public services and the creation of jobs for our people and security in our communities.

And so, in Ben Okri's words, because we will not silence our dreams, because we choose life and we will not die, we stand ready to face our awkward and deepest truths. We will not be deaf to the voice of those in pain. We will not be blind to incompetence or greed.

Our response to the present crisis is to face the challenges before us boldly, and as a nation united. Our duty is to construct a South African approach, founded on our own vision for a shared future. This approach can only be built on an engagement between social partners, not just at the level of a national dialogue, but on factory floors and in community halls. Our resolve will be tested to its limits. We have to put self-interest aside; we have to face each other honestly and openly.

Our task is to see through the challenges of economic vulnerability today to the construction of the new South Africa that is our passion and our pride. We can do this all the better as a united people.

In framing this Budget, therefore, we have been guided by five enduring principles: Firstly, protecting the poor; secondly, sustaining employment growth and expanding training opportunities; thirdly, building economic capacity and promoting investment; fourthly, addressing the barriers to competitiveness that limit an equitable sharing of opportunities and fifthly, in doing these things we must maintain a sustainable debt level so that our actions today do not constrain our development tomorrow.

The global economy is experiencing a sharp downturn, spreading from developed to developing countries. Its origins lie in macroeconomic imbalances of an unprecedented scale. The accumulation of debt by firms and households in some countries has been matched by an extraordinary rise in export earnings and savings in other regions. Behind these flows are millions of savers and lenders, linked through a financial architecture of such complexity that neither accounting standards nor regulatory oversight have served their intended purposes: Prudential banking rules have been overwhelmed by folly and fraud, masquerading as financial innovation.

This is a cycle that has played itself out periodically. The economic historian Karl Polanyi, 65 years ago, provided a classic account of how a utopian faith in self-regulation has led repeatedly to exuberances of this kind in the rise and fall of market economies.

The consequences are felt everywhere. If the balance sheet of a bank shrinks, its capacity to lend is eroded. If its lending is curtailed, businesses and households have to reduce their spending. If demand falls in Birmingham, factories close in Beijing. If production lines in China slow, demand for commodities from Africa dries up. The vegetable shop next to the mine closes, and the drivers of the delivery vehicles are asked to work short time, on half pay, and if the driver then cannot pay his mortgage, the bank forecloses on his bond, and the bank writes down its balance sheet again – this is the cycle the world is living through at the moment.

When a global motor company cuts back on making cars – because people are not buying them - it cancels its orders for catalytic converters. Madam Speaker, this firm making catalytic converters is not in Detroit or in Shanghai; it is here in Uitenhage in the Eastern Cape. The mine producing the platinum that goes into that converter is sitting close to Rustenburg. The worker in the factory in Uitenhage and the mineworker in Rustenburg are now without work. We saw the largest platinum producer earlier this week announce the termination of 10 000 jobs. And the woman who runs the little stall selling vegetables outside the mine is making less money each passing week. And their families, all of them, face a future made more precarious by the vagaries of global finance.

In a very short period, Madam Speaker, what started off as a financial crisis may well become the second Great Depression. Last year, 2.6 million US workers lost their jobs. This year, in fact two weeks ago, some 20 million migrant workers who left their places of work for the rural areas in China to celebrate the lunar new year, were advised that they should not return to the cities, because their jobs have disappeared. Twenty million workers in China comes to about one-and-a-half times the number of people in employ in South Africa. That is the scale of what we are talking about.

In the past ten months, the International Monetary Fund has revised its forecast for global growth in 2009 downwards no less than five times, from 3.8 per cent in April last year to its current estimate of just half a per cent. Initially the downgrades were focused on developed countries, but projections for GDP growth in emerging markets have now halved from 6.6 per cent in April to 3.3 per cent currently, which is a lower number than we have become accustomed to, Mr President, but that 3.3 per cent says to us that the only growth in the world this year will come from the developing parts of the globe.

The United States has been in recession since the last quarter of 2007 and its economy is expected to contract by 1.6 per cent in 2009. The official interest rate in the US has been cut to almost zero. Growth in Europe has slowed to 1 per cent in 2008 and is forecast to contract to minus 2 per cent in 2009. The UK economy is expected to shrink by 2.8 per cent in 2009.

China's GDP growth fell to 6.8 per cent in the last quarter of 2008 and will slow this year to its lowest level since 1990. India's growth will fall by almost half.

Sub-Saharan Africa is feeling the effects of the commodity price plunge and declining investor confidence. Projected growth slows to 3.5 per cent in 2009 from 5.4 per cent in 2008. When we talk of Sub-Saharan Africa, we can look at the growth number but we need to constantly remind ourselves that that growth is of an incredibly low base.

In responding to the crisis, immense commitments of funds have been made by the governments of major economies in support of their financial institutions, and central banks have lowered interest rates to unprecedented levels. If my numbers are correct, then the announcement by the Treasury Secretary in the United States yesterday is for an additional R 2,5 trillion dollars.

However, low interest rates do not automatically translate into available credit. Households remain wary of further debt, and firms that face trading losses are not yet creditworthy. In an ironic twist, capital is leaving emerging markets and flowing into reserve currencies such as the US dollar or the euro, seemingly undeterred by the institutional origins of the financial collapse. Countries such as Brazil, India and Russia cannot raise debt except at premium interest rates. South Africa's cost of borrowing on international capital markets also increased sharply late last year and at this point still remains much too high.

While many countries are borrowing heavily to finance their bailouts and deficits, which may well be the correct policy approach to restore confidence in their economies, this build-up of debt will have to be paid back, with interest, by future generations in those countries or perhaps, by future generations in other countries. It will require higher tax rates in future, slowing growth for decades to come. The re-evaluation of the world cannot be indefinitely deferred.

We should also appreciate that the causes of this crisis run deeper than its financial currents. It is embedded in the structure of growth and trade, and the widening inequality that we have seen over the past decade and a half. In responding to this crisis, on a global scale and here at home, we must tackle its root causes. Financial systems cannot go unregulated, trade arrangements cannot be subordinate to short-sighted protectionist influence, the distribution of income cannot be entrusted to the merciless

counterpoise of executive greed and unsupervised labour market dynamics. [Applause.]

In Polanyi's words, our task is to harness the instrumentality of both power and planning in pursuit of more abundant freedoms. To say that this can be done, nationally and globally, is to place democratic governance in its rightful place at the head of the global development agenda.

And in facing these things that are greater and more important than the arithmetic of our revenue and expenditure plans, we will at least begin the re-evaluation of our world.

This means: Protecting the poor. It means employment and training. It means investing in infrastructure and building a competitive economy. It means sustainable public finances.

Setswana:

Ke rata go boeletsa ke re: Re batla go sireletsa batlhoki; go tlhola ditiro; go beeletsa mo diphetogong; go rotloetsa dikgaisano mo merekong ya ikonomi; go tshegetsa maema a lotseno. [Legofi.]

English:

Against this backdrop and what we need to do, let me share with the House the Treasury's expectations for the South African economy over the period ahead.

Incomes and output slowed sharply in the second half of last year, bringing growth for 2008 to about 3.1 per cent. With commodity prices generating lower export earnings, with weak consumer spending and slowing private sector investment, growth in 2009 is forecast to be 1.2 per cent, the lowest rate since 1998. We lived with four years of growth in excess of 5 per cent. Growth for this year, we say, will be as low as 1.2 per cent.

We expect output growth to improve next year, supported by public infrastructure spending, lower interest rates, the 2010 Fifa World Cup and the recovery in the world economy. But trading conditions are tough and are likely to deteriorate further in the short term.

In 2008, South African producers were affected by a series of economic shocks including electricity shortages, rising input costs, higher interest rates and slowing demand. This led to a marked slowdown in consumer-oriented sectors and weak mining and manufacturing output. Several sectors, including mining, manufacturing, retail trade and residential construction, have retrenched workers and the pace of job losses may, unfortunately,

accelerate further.

However, civil construction has performed well, supported by ongoing infrastructure investment. Our agricultural sector has grown strongly in response to higher prices and better rains. Sharply lower oil prices – a barrel of crude oil has fallen by 69 per cent from a peak of US$145 a barrel in July 2008 to about US$45 per barrel at present. This reduction will of course help to cut our import bill, but we are also experiencing a simultaneous fall in export earnings.

The platinum price has fallen by about 60 per cent, from a high of US$2 254/oz in March 2008 to about US$980/oz currently. Part of the price concern in platinum is that it drives two worrisome sectors, namely automobiles – which are in decline; and the other is high end jewellery. When the bankers in Wall Street can afford the jewellery again, it will be great for our platinum sector. We have to hold out till then.

Lower consumer demand and the softer real exchange rate will dampen import demand in 2009, but infrastructure investment will continue to draw in capital goods. This will continue to generate a sizeable current account deficit, expected to average 6.7 per cent a year over the period ahead.

Over the past five years the financing of our international balance has been heavily dependent on portfolio inflows to the equity and bond markets. Though still adequate to finance the current account deficit, the composition of inflows changed significantly in 2008, including increased use of loan financing and repatriation of foreign assets by the banking sector.

Our development expenditure over the period ahead will require both improved domestic saving and continued capital inflows. And so a sound banking system, healthy fiscal position, credible monetary policy and appropriate foreign exchange regulations will continue to limit our exposure to the international downturn, while serving as key building blocks in financing future growth and development.

The soundness of South Africa's financial system was subjected to an international assessment last year, which concluded that our banking system is diversified and is supported by an appropriate financial infrastructure and a generally effective regulatory framework. Let me pause and simply say that this financial sector assessment programme confirms that the banking sector in South Africa is sound. [Applause.] It is not a point that they would hazard making in many countries on this globe but it is a point that they have made about the banking sector in South Africa.

Although our banks were not significantly exposed to sub-prime related products, they are nonetheless affected by deteriorating credit conditions. That our banks are mainly capitalised in rands is an important strength. This is a key element of our evolving macro-prudential framework. Nevertheless, it is incumbent on us to remain vigilant, to sharpen our regulatory oversight and to work with banks to identify any potential problems early and deal with these decisively.

Credit extension has slowed, probably more rapidly than is desirable. We expect our banks to continue to extend credit to worthy customers, noting that it is precisely the rapid withdrawal of credit that has plunged much of the developed world

into crisis.

Against this backdrop, both global and South African, how do you make a budget? The central goals of economic policy remain accelerating growth and job creation, broadening economic participation and reducing poverty. Progress in these areas will

be more difficult over the period ahead. Policy adjustments need to reinforce macroeconomic stability in the context of a deteriorating international environment and provide a temporary cushion to the domestic economy. Lower inflation in the months ahead should contribute to moderating interest rates. I am not trying to decide for the highly and strongly-willed independent Reserve Bank. I am merely making an economic observation, Mr President.

Under the leadership of President Motlanthe, a task team comprising of business, organised labour and community organisations, with government has been convened to agree on an appropriate South African response to the current crisis. Chaired by the CEO of Nedlac, Mr Herbert Mkhize, this initiative is rightly focused on both the immediate response required and our longer term policy goals.

I have alluded already to the five principles that have informed our budget planning this year: Protecting the poor, creating employment, investing in infrastructure, promoting competitiveness and fiscal sustainability.

IsiZulu:

Ngithanda ukusho futhi ngithi sifuna ukuvikela abampofu. Sifuna ukudala amathuba emsebenzi. [Ihlombe.] Ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda, ezohwebo kanye nomnotho. Ukusimama kwesimo sezimali. [Ihlombe.]

English:

It is okay, Mr Ellis, I am just repeating what I said in English. Don't worry. [Laughter.]

The largest adjustments to spending plans go to poverty reduction: R25 billion is added to the budgets of provinces, mainly for education and health care. [Applause.] Some R13 billion for social assistance grants and their administration. [Applause.] The sum of R4 billion is added to the school nutrition programme and R2,5 billion goes to municipalities for basic services. [Applause.]

Madam Speaker, the amount of money allocated to these programmes is not what provides relief. No, we can only be satisfied when we know that the quality of life of the poor is improving, that children are being properly educated, that learners have access to food in schools, that mothers visiting clinics get proper and dignified

treatment, that the criminal justice system is putting those who rob and thieve behind bars. It's what the money buys that matters, and so fixations about the size of deficits or surpluses are illusory detours. Let us focus on what matters. [Applause.]

Secondly, greater effort is needed to accelerate employment growth.

Government will work with business and organised labour to protect work opportunities and accelerate skills development over the period ahead. Additional funding over the medium-term will go to the Working for Water and Working on Fire programmes, and R1 billion goes to the Umsobomvu Youth Fund. [Applause.]

A total of R3,7 billion is added for low-income housing projects and R4,1 billion is set aside for the second phase of the Expanded

Public Works Programme. [Applause.]

Hon members, as we deal with the issue of training, let us pause and remind ourselves that the programme that is probably the wealthiest in all of what we do is called the Skills Development Fund. It exists as a payroll levy and there are huge amounts of unspent money and even where the money is spent, we cannot look at ourselves in the mirror and say: It buys the quality improvement in the labour force that it needs. [Applause.]

We raise this, not in order to support the DA but because we treasure the contribution of working people and the ability of working people to continually improve their skills in this economy. It is a desire and the dream of every worker in South Africa. [Applause.]

I propose that participating departments, provinces and municipalities in the Expanded Public Works Programme be challenged to exceed their targets for creating EPWP jobs over the period ahead, and so the contingency reserve must have built in it a little envelope that says: To those who create jobs, more money will be provided. [Applause.] Hopefully the incoming administration will make a note of this and be able to take this forward in the Adjustment Appropriation Bill later this year.

Building our capacity to grow is the third thrust of our spending plans. It is reflected in the government's R787 billion infrastructure investment plans and is a cornerstone of our development contract with business, organised labour and other social partners. In this budget a further R6,4 billion is added for public transport, roads and rail networks; R4,1 billion for school buildings, clinics and other provincial infrastructure projects and

R5,3 billion for municipal infrastructure and bulk water systems. Major investments in power generation, transport networks and telecommunications are in progress, building an environment within which mining and industrial development, tourism and our

services economy will prosper, even if the short term outlook is not as rosy as we would like it to be.

Fourthly, a time of restructuring is an opportunity to address regulatory and microeconomic barriers to our competitiveness. This involves detailed sectoral analysis, and ongoing consultation with affected industries and interest groups. It is the key to sustained, faster, long-term growth.

In this budget, R1,6 billion is added to industrial development and small enterprise support programmes and R1,8 billion goes to rural development and small farmer support. [Applause.] I need to check whether the gentleman from Xala is listening to me. The R1,8 billion to rural development and small farmer support, Mr Mantashe. [Applause.]

A further R1 billion is added for electricity demand management, together with tax incentives for investment in energy efficient

technologies. The new automotive production and development programme includes a production subsidy, which receives R870 million over the next three years. Additional funding also goes to consumer protection, the competition authorities and enhanced testing capacity of the SA Bureau of Standards.

The fifth principle is the sustainability of the public finances. In the present global uncertainty, our task is to respond to the economic downturn without putting our long-term financial position at risk. Although the budget deficit will rise to 3.8 per cent of

GDP next year, debt service costs will remain moderate over the next three years, at about 2.5 per cent of GDP. This is possible because we have had the courage to make the right choices, over the past decade.

In 1996 public debt was 48 per cent of GDP and rising. We brought to this House a macroeconomic strategy that confronted the problem, boldly and decisively. Today, public debt is 23 per cent of GDP. Reducing the budget deficit was neither easy nor popular. But it was the right thing to do, and the outcome is that, year by year, the

burden of debt service costs has declined and resources have been released to spend on education, health care, housing and infrastructure, rather than on those who lend us the money sitting far away and those in between the merchant bankers. [Applause.]

This also means that today we are able to respond to the economic downturn, boldly and decisively. We are able to announce a countercyclical fiscal stimulus, on the strength of a secure and sustainable fiscal position.

Members of the House will know that substantial capital spending projects are under way in the electricity sector, in the construction of new commuter rail facilities and in improving the Gauteng freeway network, that are financed outside of the main budget framework. Taking the financing needs of these entities into account, the public sector borrowing requirement for next year is expected to be 7.5 per cent of GDP, or some R186 billion to be raised from domestic institutions, investors, multilateral institutions and portfolio inflows from abroad. This is a substantial fiscal boost, against the background of the budget surplus recorded over the three years to 2007-08.

But members of the House, and fellow South Africans, it is important to note that we are borrowing not to rescue failed banks or to artificially delay the restructuring of our industry and trade, but to construct the roads and the power stations, the classrooms and hospital wards, to modernise technology and transform public service

delivery, as the foundations of growth and broad-based development in the decades ahead. [Applause.]

The term "shovel ready" is sometimes used to distinguish projects that are ready for implementation from those that have still to be planned. I observe that around the world finance ministers get up and announce projects that will still have to be planned and call it stimulus. The term has sometimes been used to distinguish those that are ready for implementation. We are fortunate in that so much of our spending programme is not just "shovel ready", but is "already shovelling". [Applause.]

The expansion of our public employment programme has

been a year in the planning and is ready for implementation. Rapid bus transit systems, freeway improvements, electricity and water systems and rail projects are under way. And so our roads, our airports and our railway stations have become construction sites,

as millions of inconvenienced commuters experience daily. But it is an inconvenience that I think we can look at and say: Oh, what joy. [Applause.]

The national Budget contributes to the financing of some of these investments, and there is also a role for our development finance institutions in supporting state-owned enterprises, municipalities and private companies to raise the finance required for major

capital projects. The success of Siyenza Manje in bringing in skills in support of municipal infrastructure investment is an example of how a developmental state can better co-ordinate its

interventions. The Development Bank of Southern Africa is now considering broadening this model to support the financial management and delivery capacity of more municipalities.

In addition, a proposal to strengthen the balance sheet of the Development Bank of Southern Africa is currently under consideration. We want to enable the DBSA to expand its contribution

to financing municipal infrastructure improvements in partnership with private sector lenders. The extended facilities for municipalities must ensure that more people have access to potable, safe water; that there will be sufficient water in the far-flung municipalities to maintain filtration schemes and to do all of those things that people feel improves measurably on their quality of life because we are a caring society. And that is what we must do together. [Applause.] I hope, Minister Shiceka, we will be able to look at municipalities and ask more of them to take on projects such as Siyenza Manje. It should not just be left to those who want to but we can direct the resources to those who actually need and are afraid to admit it.

Key to transforming rural livelihoods is to better enable small scale farmers to use land more productively. Improved support to farmers is important, but access to long-term finance is a critical ingredient too. Following good progress in repairing its integrity and in giving effect to its core mandate to support agricultural investment, government will also consider proposals by the board of the Land Bank to strengthen its balance sheet. I want to emphasize that between where the Land Bank is and where newly settled or newly restituted farmers are, is a huge gap. We will not get rural development, unless we can fill that gap with the appropriate interventions that recognise that land is an asset to be worked. [Applause.] As emotional as the land question is in South Africa, land is an asset that we must work and those are the interventions that will drive the change. If we don't do that, hon members, the Land Bank will sit with an exceedingly healthy balance sheet but there will be deep poverty in the rural areas. [Interjections.]

The Industrial Development Corporation is currently assessing its possible role as a partner in supporting investment and employment in sectors or industries affected by the cyclical slowdown. Differentiating the effects of short term cyclical difficulty with

need for longer term industrial restructuring is difficult and sometimes involves policy considerations, and so risk sharing with the private sector has its place in preparing for future growth. At the same time, government is mindful of the need to avoid passing on

risks to taxpayers that would be better managed in the business sector. Though there may be a role for public funds in support of businesses in difficulty, we need to ensure that an undue capitalisation of private wealth does not result in a financial burden of debt on future generations. In other words, if a sector is found to be in need and these interventions must be made, we have a responsibility and Parliament's oversight in this regard is exceedingly important in that responsibility to ensure that those who benefited, to get them out of the ditch, will pay back so that our children don't carry the debt for that intervention in perpetuity, while the beneficiaries grow rich on the interventions made in their support. [Applause.] It is a pact. It is a compact. It is about the link between the present and the future and it is about a path that we must be prepared to walk to ensure that the lives of our children are better than our lives.

Madam Speaker, there is also an expanding role for our housing finance institutions and for the agencies that support small enterprise development and economic empowerment transactions in the evolution of our development finance architecture. These are the instrumentalities of our developmental state, not in isolation from the wider financial system, but sharing risk, co-financing investment and jointly engaging with the banking sector in constructing a vibrant growing economy.

Let me turn then, to our public expenditure plans and growth, employment and social development. Total government spending next year, will amount to R834 billion, including the second tranche of the R60 billion loan to Eskom and an unallocated contingency reserve of R6 billion. Real growth in spending on public services will average 5.1 per cent over the next three years.

Let me elaborate briefly on some of the key spending proposals that are provided for in the Medium Term Expenditure Framework set out in this year's Budget Review and the Estimates of National Expenditure. With regard to education, government's contribution to public education remains our single largest investment – and I want to use that word again, it is not just an expenditure item, it is an investment. We know that it is the key to reducing poverty and accelerating long-term economic growth. Education spending has grown by 14 per cent a year for the past three years and accounts for R140,4 billion in the spending plans of provinces and

national government for the fiscal year 2008-09.

We received a tip from Mr Xolani Notshe of Port Elizabeth thanking us for allocating money to libraries. He says: "Libraries are central in community development. Libraries will assist your successor to collect more taxes because we would be an educated and

skilled nation". I agree entirely, Mr Notshe. [Applause.]

Key priorities in education include extending the no-fee schools to 60 per cent of schools, from 40 per cent at present; expanding the school nutrition programme; reducing average class sizes in schools serving lower income communities; increasing expenditure on school buildings, strengthening teacher training programmes and

recapitalising technical high schools over the next three years. [Applause.]

I want to address somebody in the gallery and say: Now please, please, please, can we deliver on what we have called the nonnegotiables for education? Teachers should be in class, on time, teaching. No abuse of learners. [Applause.] No abuse of learners and no neglect of duty. Now, all of those who have applauded and I have observed you, please go home and ensure through the school governing bodies in the areas where you live or where you hail from, that this is delivered. That is what is going to make this applause successful. That is what is going to give our children a chance in life. [Applause.]

An additional R700 million is allocated for higher education subsidies and to accommodate the anticipated growth in student enrolment from 783 900 last year to 836 800 in 2011. The National Student Financial Aid Scheme receives an additional R330 million.

Funding is also provided for a new National Education Evaluation Unit. Many South Africans will agree, I am sure, with Mr Paul King who sent this tip and writes: "Regarding the salaries of teachers, I personally feel that we do not reward them enough for what they do and what we expect from them in terms of the daily care and education of our children." A new salary dispensation for teachers was introduced last year, linked to school and teacher performance, hence the urgency of establishing this new evaluation unit. It is not just about how much more people earn; it is how much more they provide for the successive generations in this country. [Applause.]

In health services a new unit to address the quality of service provision is also included in our health spending proposals. This will be named the National Office for Standards Compliance, and it will set and audit norms and standards for hospitals and primary care centres. We are profoundly conscious of the complexity of the challenges facing our health services and the strain on resources associated with a rising disease burden. Policy interventions supported in this budget focus both on health facilities and services and on more aggressively combating the causes of ill-health. An additional R1.8 billion is budgeted to introduce three new child vaccines, which have proved effective in

preventing infant and child deaths. The tuberculosis and HIV and Aids programmes both receive additional resources. We are budgeting to extend screening of pregnant mothers coming into the public health system and to phase in an improved drug regimen to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission. Our anti-retroviral programme now

covers 630 000 people – on the public system; and the MTEF provides for an increase to 1.4 million by 2011-12. [Applause.]

The 2009 Budget makes provision for further improvements in the remuneration of health professionals, and for continued expansion of the hospital revitalisation programme. A total of 31 hospitals are under construction, 18 of which will be completed over the next three years. The development of a national health insurance system is aimed at improving the equity of health care financing and enhancing the quality of care for all South Africans. These

are complex reforms and the task team on social security has been mandated to conduct research and advise on the way forward. Let me just emphasize also that by improving on the quality of services in the public sector, we will, in fact, shorten the traverse to get to the national health insurance. It is not either or. We have to do both and we have to accelerate what is happening in the public health sector.

The fight against crime is drawing on the work of the criminal justice sector review. Efforts to overhaul the forensic and investigative capacity of the police are under way, together with enhanced use of available technology. A further R5,4 billion is allocated to interventions aimed at improving criminal justice services, the creation of an integrated fingerprint and DNA database, improving detective capacity, upgrading IT and

telecommunications systems and increasing the number of police officials from 183 000 last year to over 204 000 in 2011-12. [Applause.]

But amongst members of this House, the distinguished Deputy Minister for Justice and Constitutional Development Johnny de Lange will tell us, that the money is part of this. It is about overseeing the management of this to ensure that these things actually happen and that have measurable improvements in the outcomes. One of the outcomes that we are looking for is lower incidences of crime and a quicker resolution of crime through the judicial process.

Funding is also provided for additional policing capacity during the 2010 Fifa World Cup, for the construction of new prisons and for implementation of the Child Justice Bill.

Regarding agricultural support and rural development, a notable tip on to the current economic situation and the steps which can be taken to alleviate its effects came from Mr Lazarus Lamola of Polokwane. He writes that when he was a teenager, "the villagers used to plough their land and harvest enough food to last at least a year. There was plenty of maize, beans and other vegetables, and except for drastic drought years, we would never go hungry. The subsistence farming system has totally collapsed in many areas. It is sad to see vast amounts of land go to waste when we have a food price problem." He suggests the encouragement of partnerships

between private farmers and villagers to once again use the land for food production and sustenance. I am sure you know that Mr Lamola speaks for my sentiments on this matter.

Increasing agricultural output, raising rural incomes, supporting small scale farmers and investing in rural roads are key objectives of government's rural development strategy. The budgets of the Illema/Letsema campaign, which distributes agricultural starter packs to poor households, the comprehensive agricultural support

programme and allocations to targeted rural infrastructure projects receive a further R1,2 billion. The budget for land reform and land restitution over the next three years amounts to some R20,3 billion.

Regarding investing in housing and municipal infrastructure, we should remember that housing and the eradication of informal settlements remain at the forefront of our infrastructure investment plans, and impact significantly on both employment creation

and poverty reduction. In the past three years, the municipal infrastructure grant programme has spent about R32 billion. Over the next three years, infrastructure grants to municipalities total R67 billion, and a further R45 billion will be spent on the Breaking

New Ground housing programme. [Applause.]

Together with investment in roads and public transport, these constitute one of the largest areas of expansion of public sector

spending, and are rightly prioritised as part of our response to the current deterioration in employment and economic activity.

The budget adds R13,2 billion to our social grants programme. The extension of the child support grant to 15 takes effect this year and the reduction in the eligible age for men to 60 – 60, Mr President, is in progress. Strengthening our social security safety net is critical during this period when many more poor families are vulnerable.

With effect from April this year, the maximum values of the old age, disability and care dependency grants will rise by R50 to R1 010 a month. [Applause.] I know in October there was a bit of a concern because people thought that the annual increase was only R20 – that was on top of the increase that we announced in the Budget last year. Now we are adding R50 to that to take it to a R1 010. [Applause.]

The foster care grant will increase to R680 and child support will rise to R240 a month. Compelling evidence that the phasing-in of the child support grant has contributed significantly to reducing child

poverty has emerged in recent research, and so consideration is being given, subject to affordability, to the extension of the child support grant to the age of 18. One of the issues that is being considered at the same time is the issue of introducing conditionalities, including the need to ensure that recipients of the child support grant actually attend school. [Applause.] The Minister for Social Development is in fact at a conference in Mexico on social development and there will be able to witness first-hand what can happen when the conditionalities are introduced. It is not just money down the chute. You can measure the change and that is what we are looking for, if we desire the best for our children.

The budget papers contain details of many more areas of public

expenditure – increased allocations for roads and commuter transport services, an allocation to the Universal Access Services Agency to subsidise set-top boxes as part of the digital television broadcasting initiative, an expansion in the training capacity for the Reserve Force of the Department of Defence, upgraded IT systems for the Department of Home Affairs and to modernise immigration and customs services at border control points. Funding goes to the Independent Electoral Commission for 30 000 barcode scanners – so-called zip-zips - and 105 000 transparent ballot boxes. We are budgeting for R1,6 billion for the South African Airways to support its turnaround strategy … [Interjections.] … which includes reducing costs and improving efficiency. I am sure that the House will agree with my hope that this will not be a recurring allocation. [Applause.]

Budgeting is not only about expanding expenditure on constructive and necessary activities, it is also about rooting out waste, promoting cost-efficiency and phasing out ineffective programmes. This is the hardest thing in government. Departments have again been asked to identify savings, and cuts amounting to R19 billion were effected in January as we had to try and give departments a hair-cut generally and it rose as we prepared this Budget finally.

In the period ahead, it will be necessary to take stronger action in pursuit of efficiency and better targeted expenditure. There is insufficient control of foreign travel, advertising and public relations activities and consultancy services. [Applause.]

I don't know why Members of Parliament are looking away because oversight is the responsibility of Parliament. [Applause.] Stricter oversight of the activities and executive remuneration in agencies and government enterprises is also required. I believe, Madam Speaker, that Parliament and our committees should play a

more active role in challenging accounting officers to plan their efficiency saving initiatives up front, and report regularly on progress. A greater sense of responsibility needs to permeate the ethos of government all the way through the accountability

chain. The next few years are going to be tougher. If we are to afford the continued expansion of social services and our social wage, then, in addition to the need for greater efficiency, we have to conduct a thorough assessment of all of government's programmes to see how we can improve value for money and to identify

areas where we can eliminate or reduce wastage. [Applause.]

The Ministers' Committee on the Budget intends, in its handover report to the new administration, to propose that the

incoming President announce a Comprehensive Expenditure Review. Its aim would be to ensure that as we spend more, we also spend better.[Applause.] In addition, should confront the awkward truth that there are programmes of government that do not work, and on which we should spend less. By less, I mean as close to zero as we can get. [Applause.]

Turning to our revenue estimates and tax proposals, the revised estimate of revenue for 2008-09 is R14,2 billion less than

we planned in the 2008 Budget. For the year ahead, the main budget revenue estimate is R50 billion lower than we projected in February last year, against the background of slower growth, depressed trade and declining company profits. In setting the gross tax revenue target of R659 billion for the year ahead, we have taken

into account the need to provide relief to households and encouragement to the business sector, while continuing to broaden the tax base through which the requirements of the fiscus have to be met.

The proposed adjustment to the personal income tax schedules will provide relief of R13,6 billion to individual taxpayers, compensating fully for the effects of inflation and

providing further relief mainly to lower and middle income earners. The tax-free income threshold next year will be R54 200 for taxpayers below the age of 65 and R84 200 for those over 65. This means that Mr Vavi and Mr George next to him should say less about tax policy. Their members are not going to pay tax anymore.

It is gratifying to note that there has again been excellent progress in expanding the number of registered taxpayers. In view of progress in simplifying the tax return process and the waiver of the annual filing requirement for qualifying taxpayers, it is

proposed that the current Standard Income Tax on employees system, the so-called SITE system, should be discontinued by 2010. I appreciate that the administrative reforms, the adjustment to e-filing arrangements and the construction of more effective communication channels between Sars and individual taxpayers are huge reform projects, on the one hand, and sources of numerous personal inconveniences, on the other. But we are getting there,

and these improvements will serve as a platform for improved fiscal integrity for decades to come.

Regarding mineral and petroleum royalties, I am sure that hon members would be aware of the fact that the royalties are meant to be effective from 1 April 2009. But after discussions with both labour and the mining industry and taking into account the

potential impact of the economic slowdown on the mining industry, I propose to defer the mining royalties regime from this year to 2010. This provides a boost to the industry of about R1,8 billion, which will assist in minimising job losses. [Applause.] I have agreed with the mineworkers' unions and the Minister of Minerals and Energy that government will consider establishing an agency, to be jointly managed by business, labour and government, to invest in economic development in mining towns or labour-sending areas affected by retrenchments. [Applause.]

Perhaps it is because miners are used to digging deeper, that their

creativity and commitment to improve conditions for mining communities serve as an example of the kinds of partnership required to ensure that South Africa emerges stronger from this global crisis. If the new development agency can be established this

year, I am sure that an allocation towards its activities in the adjustments budget.

Tax tips continue to make up the majority of the "Tips for Trevor" submitted. Mr Saul Margolis of Johannesburg called for a tax to be imposed on incandescent light bulbs to encourage people to use compact fluorescent light bulbs and save energy. Mr. Margolis, I have asked that this be included in the revenue proposals this year.

We propose taking further steps to encourage energy efficiency and reduce harmful emissions, some of which have tax implications: An incentive for investments by companies in energy-efficient equipment will be introduced, in the form of a supplementary depreciation allowance; the levy on plastic shopping bags will be increased from 3 cents to 4 cents; an increase is proposed in the international air passenger departure tax, which was last raised in 2005-06; the existing excise duties on motor vehicles will be adjusted to take into account carbon emissions. It is important, furthermore that we should encourage South African companies to take

advantage of the clean development mechanism established in the Kyoto Protocol. A favourable tax treatment will therefore be introduced for the recognition of income derived from the sale of emission reductions.

The tax code discourages another category of atmospheric emissions. I refer to the duties on tobacco products. This year's increase in the duty on cigarettes and cigars is 13 per cent, with somewhat lower increases in respect of cigarette and pipe tobacco. A packet of 20 cigarettes will cost 88 cents more. [Applause.] I should also advise that a bottle of wine will cost 10,5 cents more and a can of beer 7 cents more.

One of the most innovative tips I received this year is from a gentleman, whom I think is in the Boland somewhere. His name is At du Plooy. He writes: "Please be a little more lenient on the tax on whisky for the old folks. We have so little to enjoy; you know things that used to happen after dark, no longer happen. All we have left to enjoy is a little entertainment before supper." [Laughter.]

He asks for leniency, reminding me that this will ultimately be for my own benefit as well. A bottle of whisky, Mr Du Plooy, goes up by R3,21. [Interjections.]

Let us turn to fuel levies: As road-users . . . I haven't heard what … you survived without any whisky before and after dark, Baba? As road-users, we have gained some advantage since mid-2008 from

lower international oil prices. As road-users we also know that there is a substantial increase in spending on maintenance and construction under way, and we still face a heavy burden of road accidents and associated compensation claims. These are costs

that have to be covered, and so there will be increases in the fuel levies on 1 April this year, of 23 cents and 24 cents per litre in respect of the general petrol and diesel levies, and 17,5 cents in the road accident fund levy. As indicated last year, it is proposed that the general fuel levy should form part of a new

municipal revenue arrangement to replace the former Regional Service Council levies. In 2009-10, 23 per cent of the general fuel levy will be earmarked for metropolitan municipalities to support expenditure on roads and transportation infrastructure. Let's see it being spent.

Over the years, we have received many tips from people running small businesses, calling for an increase in the VAT registration thresholds. Mr Ivan Faught wrote in 2003 that "such a change would make it easier to work oneself up to entrepreneurial status." Effective from this year, the VAT threshold is increased from R300 000 to R1 million. [Applause.]

Several administrative reforms are also in progress at Sars, including customs modernisation in support of the rapidly changing trade environment, and improved use of technology and third-party information to authenticate data and reduce the need for

supporting documents. I am pleased to announce that taxpayers, practitioners and employers can look forward to the return of the traditional tax season deadlines this year. The Tax Season 2009

timetable includes a 60-day reconciliation period for employers in April and May. Tax season for individuals starts in July. The deadline for submission of income tax returns for individuals and trusts is 18 September for manual filers and 20 November for

electronic submissions.

Madam Speaker, I need to thank those many South Africans who have contributed to the "Tips for Trevor" campaign. Since it was first introduced nearly 10 years ago, these diligent South Africans have sent us around 20 000 suggestions, including 2 363 this year. I want to say to these people who take the time and effort – and it is a range of people; some of them are better known, some are journalists but most are just ordinary people in faraway places who want to raise their concerns and we gratefully appreciate this. We want to say to every contributor: Your voice has been heard, in countless ways. You advised in the early years that the child support grant should be extended above its initial age threshold of 7 - and that

has been done. You advised that public benefit organizations needed greater tax relief, and that has been done. You advised that the tax treatment of retirement fund withdrawals was too onerous, and so that has been revised. You have advised in no uncertain terms that the SARS call centre is dysfunctional, and so that is being fixed, as we speak.

The call for the provision of free anti-retroviral treatment was another topic that featured over the years. Jackie Mondi of Berario wrote an extensive tip in 2003, calling for a "special fund for fighting HIV/AIDS; that focus should be on both care

and prevention." In 2004 government was able to roll-out ARV treatment in public health facilities around the country for those living with HIV and Aids. Recent tips reflect appreciation of this, such as the one from Gemi Malau who wrote: "I think the budget

needs to be commended as it is now focusing on HIV/AIDS."

Our people watch, observe and share. It is one of the great features of this wonderful democracy that we have. [Applause.]

Let me conclude: At this time last year, Madam Speaker, we noted that "…as with the weather … economic trends do not stop at border posts, they carry no passports, yet they have the potential to wreak havoc, even when plans have been carefully laid."

Every corner of the globe is affected by the economic turmoil that we are currently experiencing. It is not just that the adjustments to the economic crisis may be difficult or expensive but there is

also the uncertainty about the burden that will be visited on future generations by the interventions being contemplated today.

Nouriel Roubini, an economist at New York University, popularly credited with predicting the present financial crisis, recently wrote, "...while this crisis does not imply the end of market economy capitalism, it has shown the failure of a particular model of capitalism: the laissez faire unregulated or aggressively deregulated, wild-west model of free market capitalism

without prudential regulation and supervision of financial markets and with the lack of proper provision of public goods by governments."

Fellow South Africans, our response to the challenge before us builds on policies that we have consistently pursued over the past decade and half: Sound prudential regulation of the financial sector and a strong emphasis on the provision of public goods by

government.

Last week, President Motlanthe summarised our response to this financial crisis: Firstly, he said that over the next three years, we will invest R787 billion in the infrastructure needed

for future growth and development; secondly, we will accelerate the Expanded Public Works Programme, and work with business to mitigate job losses and accelerate skills development; thirdly, we will strengthen our development finance institutions, and support industrial restructuring and agricultural development; fourthly, our social assistance programmes will reach over 13 million people and public expenditure on education and health care will increase strongly.

But it is not the numbers in the Budget that will measure the quality of our response to the present crisis, Madam Speaker, but the character of our resolve to work together, putting others before ourselves, confident in the choices we have made and committed

to face, what Okri calls, our awkward and deepest truths.

Madam Speaker, there will be a new administration in place next year, and there will no doubt be new insights on which to draw in framing the next budget and MTEF. It will be in place this year and by the Budget next year. But the National Treasury as a source of economic and fiscal expertise will still be there, and I want to commend to the House the constructive role that the Treasury plays in absorbing and synthesizing a vast tapestry of economic and

financial statistics, policy documents and programme information, as part of the process of preparing the national budget proposals.

I table before the House today a number of documents: The Budget Speech, the Estimates of National Revenue, the Budget Review, including Tax Proposals in Respect of Customs and Excise Duties, the Appropriations Bill, the Division of Revenue Bill, the Western Cape Inherited Debt Bill and this large tome called the Estimates of National Expenditure.

After drawing on advice from so many diverse quarters, I am also indebted to my colleagues in Cabinet who share with me the collective responsibility for the overall integrity and coherence of the Budget. President Mbeki, and in recent months President Motlanthe, have provided the leadership and good judgment required to bring the budget process to a conclusion, ably supported by Deputy President then Mlambo-Ngcuka and now, Mbete. Thank you very much for your support. We know that our backs are covered when there is strong leadership, clear of the direction that we must take. [Applause.]

I am especially indebted to members of the Ministers Committee on the Budget, who have set aside their time, reviewed lengthy budget memoranda and engaged with insight and energy - especially those who came new into the process as late as October – with new insight into the debates that contribute to refining our spending proposals.

Over the past year there have been two Deputy Ministers of Finance. Jabu Moleketi served the Treasury with distinction. He was very strong in the 2010 Local Organising Committee. And his successor, the distinguished former chairperson of the portfolio committee, the hon Nhlanhla Nene, who has brought a keen eye for detail as he sat with us through the final stages of the Budget process. [Applause.]

The MECs for Finance – and they are seated in the front row on the gallery - have again been generous in sharing their

experience and insights and in dealing with the very difficult challenges this year. This was the year that we will all remember for three letters: OSD. I wish to express a personal appreciation for their support and dedication to the cause of sound

public finance.

Our collective thanks are due also to: Governor Tito Mboweni – in his absence today - whose leadership of the Reserve Bank is cause for both pride and confidence in our monetary management and banking supervision. We also want to express our appreciation to the Deputy Governors. I saw Dr Mokate earlier. [Applause.]

Commissioner Pravin Gordhan and the staff of the South African Revenue Service, who continue to serve the nation and the fiscus with dedication beyond the call of duty. [Applause.]

Mr Howard Gabriels, who chairs the Statistics Council, Statistician-General Pali Lehohla – who is at a very conference in Luanda – but the Acting SG Dr Rashaad Kassiem is here with us. They have a very important role to play. In recent months, unfortunately, they have

brought some unwelcome news on the economics statistics front, but nonetheless, we want to thank them for their timely and comprehensive statistics. It also us to face those awkward truths. [Applause.]

The Financial and Fiscal Commission and its chairperson, Dr Bethuel Setai, whose advice remains critical to the integrity of our intergovernmental fiscal system. [Applause.]

To Nedlac and its CEO Mr Herbert Mkhize and the representatives of the business, labour and community constituencies on the Public Finance and Monetary Chamber, particularly for their efforts to bring coherence to a national perspective on the current economic crisis and how we should respond. [Applause.]

The honourable Arthur Moloto and the honourable Tutu Ralane who chair the Portfolio and Select Committees on Finance respectively and to the joint chairs of the Budget committee, honourable Louisa Mabe and honourable Elliot Sogoni – thank you very much. [Applause.]

I'll do the wrong and single out the DG Lesetja Kganyago who leads the National Treasury team with unflagging energy. [Applause.] To the staff in the Ministry, who in my presence tell me that they tolerate me with good grace and endless patience. I know what they say behind my back but they are there and form a very important part of this. [Laughter.]

My family in the gallery. I can officially claim a wife now. [Applause.] My sons, my mom, my sister are all a very important part of what makes me.

Nineteen years ago, on this date, as I said earlier, Nelson Mandela … [Applause.] … walked out of Victor Verster a free man. We have for Members of the National Assembly a mahala, a tribute to Madiba; something to know that his greatness will live on with us. [Applause.]

Later that day in this city on 11 February 1990, just 200 meters from this Parliament, he stepped up to the podium to make his first address as our icon. His first address as a free man. He said, and I quote, "The need to unite the people of our country is as important a task now as it has always been. No individual leader is able to take on this enormous task on his own." [Applause.]

May I say on this day, 19 years later in the face of what confronts us as a nation, the call for unity is even more important than it was when Madiba made it 19 years ago. [Applause.] But Madiba ended that speech by tying a link into his own past. He said: "In conclusion I wish to quote my own words during my trial in 1964. They are true today as they were then. I fought against white domination and I fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunity. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve but if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die." [Applause.]

In concluding his speech on 19 February with those words, Madiba tied his present with his own past. Today we can take the same words and provide the continuity because the spirit of those words remain as true in defining who we are, what we are and when me measure our nationhood, it is against the performance on these criteria, set by our own leaders in the cause of struggle.

When we start with the words of Ben Okri that talk about the dreams of others, they are the dreams of our own forebears. They are the dreams of our forebears – some of whom laid down their lives in our cause. The dreams cannot be silenced and our dreams will never be extinguished. Our dreams and the dreams of our forebears will live on and they will live on through our children because they define the raison d'être of what we are and how we should behave in relation to others and in relation to our nationhood. [Applause.]

Those dreams speak to the courage that we all must now muster as a nation to face what lies ahead. We can't promise an easy road ahead, or a rapid resolution of the economic and social challenges we face. But we know that the choices we have made set us on a path of shared growth and broadening participation in a fairer and more dynamic economy – there is hard work to be done if we are to achieve the

transformation we seek. To travel this road with confidence, we must all of us remain united. Ngiyabonga. [Applause.]

The Appropriation Bill, together with the introductory speech and tabled papers, referred to the Portfolio Committee on Finance for consideration and report, and to the Joint Budget Committee to consider in terms of its

mandate.

The Western Cape Inherited Debt Relief Bill referred to the Portfolio Committee on Finance for consideration and report.

The House adjourned at 15:29.


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