Youth and NDP implementation round table discussion

NCOP Health and Social Services

29 July 2015
Chairperson: Facilitator: Ms T Didiza (ANC)
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Meeting Summary

The Youth Round Table Discussion, which was held at Parliament recently, heard that 65% of young people in South Africa did not have matric. Young Africans remained largely unskilled, compared to white youths. There was an unacceptably high number of unemployed graduates, and teenage pregnancy remained at a highly unacceptable level. There was a lack of sporting, cultural and recreational facilities. Fewer young people participated in elections and their stated concerns were around jobs, service delivery, corruption and trust. TB and HIV were the main causes of youth deaths.

The idea behind the Round Table Discussion was to talk about the alignment of youth development plans with the National Development Plan (NDP). The Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly said in his introductory remarks that the NDP was founded on six pillars in order to address the plight of young South Africans. Its inception introduced long-term planning and coordination for the government because it was felt that work done in the past had not been thoroughly thought out, and had not been of a long-term nature.

The attendees heard that recent surveys suggested that disaffected young people were disengaged from conventional forms of political participation, such as voting or communication with elected officials, and were more likely to engage in service delivery protests and political violence. The general consensus was that the major problems afflicting South Africa related to the triple crises of poverty, unemployment and inequality.

Both the NDP and the National Youth Policy had correctly identified education, skills development, labour absorption and support for entrepreneurship as key strategies for youth development. The NDP and the National Youth Policy were not mutually exclusive and e profound synergies needed to be harnessed through oversight as well as sustained public involvement, as required in the model of an Activist People’s Parliament.

The population of South Africa was growing, and the nation had a proportionally higher number of young people. 42% of young people between the ages of 15-35 were unemployed; 31% of young people between the ages of 15 and 24 were not in employment, education or training; 7.3% of young people between the ages of 5-24 years were living with HIV; and one in five young people (two million) were victims of theft, and about one in ten were robbed.

The Department of Small Business Development said one of the reasons that made it focus on youth enterprise development was its realisation that young people between the ages of 16-35 years owned approximately 33% of all businesses in SA. It also recognised that about two thirds (63%) of youth entrepreneurs were self-taught, and that less than 2% of the youth entrepreneurs reported tertiary institutions as a source of skills and training. However, it noted that the challenge around carrying out work in some of its focus areas was budgetary constraints.

Attendees remarked that many state departments did not seem to take youth programmes seriously, and this meant the country was lagging behind in radical youth development programmes. They commented that the establishment of the Multi-Party Parliamentary Forum should focus on the youth, and its agenda should indicate whether there would be collaboration and coordination between national, provincial, and local levels. They indicated that people needed to think of the kind of economic development which was going to make young people create jobs and hire others, instead of having many job seekers. They commented that more and more people were relying on grants and soon South Africa was going to be a welfare state, not a developmental state. The concern was expressed that the NDP was likely to be a victim of protracted consultation, and would never be a strategic vision for SA in 2030.

Meeting report

Introductory remarks

Mr Lechesa Tsenoli, Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly, stated in his introductory remarks that the NDP was founded on six pillars in order to address the plight of young South Africans. Its inception had introduced long-term planning and coordination for the government because it was felt that work done in the past was not thoroughly thought of and was not of a long-term nature.

In the past 20 years there had been increasing collaboration between Parliament and the nine provinces on matters of oversight and on coordinating them. Coordination had been found to be doing no better whether the oversight was external or internal. The monitoring and evaluation was had not been done in a systematic manner or in terms of capacity building.

He said that the Speaker’s Forum in the provinces had met with the Speakers of municipalities about matters of common concern and the coordination of activities. He believed this collaboration boded well for monitoring, evaluation and capacity building.

He indicated that the digital divide needed to be understood as a challenge in closing the gap between the poor and the rich, and rural and urban communities.

Mr S Mohai (ANC, Free State) Presentation

Mr Seiso Mohai, Chairperson in the National Council of Provinces (NCOP), talked about enhancing the oversight mechanisms of Parliament and the ideals of building an Activist Parliament in order to advance the NDP youth agenda and the National Youth Policy.

According to the NDP nearly 70 per cent of the population in Africa was under the age of 30. South Africa also had a large working age or economically active population. This could be advantageous if a conducive environment existed for this stratum to actively participate economically. In fact, the 20 year review of government recognised that “young people accounted for almost two-thirds of the unemployed, thus bearing the brunt of unemployment.”

Recent surveys also suggested that disaffected young people were disengaged from conventional forms of political participation, such as voting or communication with elected officials, and were more likely to engage in service delivery protests and political violence. The general consensus was that the major problems afflicting South Africa related to the triple crises of poverty, unemployment and inequality.

If urgent steps were not taken to tackle these challenges in an integrated and coherent manner, then the advantage of an economically active population would become a ticking time-bomb. The picture painted above did not seek to spread hopelessness nor was it intended to conform to the narrative of viewing young people as a burden, or indeed a problem. To the contrary, the intention was to highlight the depth of the problem in order to find solutions to the underlying structural problems.

Both the NDP and the National Youth Policy had correctly identified education, skills development, labour absorption and support for entrepreneurship as the key strategies for youth development.

In the age of the knowledge economy, the innovation and creativity of youth needed to be propelled not only as unskilled job seekers, but also as drivers of thriving economic initiatives. The structural problems that exist in our economy relate to barriers to entry, concentration of ownership in a few hands, and excessive monopolies. These were among the fundamental problems that needed to be systematically confronted and changed to eliminate the skewed pattern of economic ownership.

The NDP had dedicated a brief section to the role of oversight and accountability, and its views were scathing on the legislative sector. Regarding provincial legislatures, the NDP argued that they needed to be robust and shine the light on issues of poor and uneven performance. On municipalities, the proverbial question of separation between executive and legislative powers in municipal governance had been raised within the NDP and a recommendation for role clarification had been advanced.

The NDP was an aspirational vision, with various proposals and concrete steps that must be taken to realize its objectives. The Activist People’s Parliament, having adopted the NDP, needed to reinforce the executive in the implementation process.

As legislators, they had to prioritise an increase in per capita expenditure on youth development. Profound synergy in policies, budgets and operational plans ought to be established for measurable progress indicators for oversight to focus on tangible deliverables. In approving money Bills, the legislative arm needed to ensure that appropriate funds, capacity and competence were adequate to fulfil the developmental agenda for the youth.

Oversight and accountability required capacity to conduct comprehensive and substantive analysis of performance and accounting reports. Effective oversight needed to be located within a coordinated system between, and within, various oversight structures across spheres.

A bold, comprehensive and systematic approach to oversight and accountability represented better prospects for Parliament to play its role in the fulfilment of the NDP youth developmental focus. The NDP and the National Youth Policy were not mutually exclusive and the profound synergies needed to be harnessed through oversight, as well as sustained public involvement as required in the model of an Activist People’s Parliament.

Dr B Hlagala Presentation

Dr Bernice Hlagala, Director of Youth in the Presidency, informed the attendees of the Youth Round Table Discussion that although the population of South Africa was growing, the nation had a proportionally higher number of young people. Up until now, 42% of young people between the ages of 15-35 were unemployed; 31% of young people between the ages of 15 and 24 were not in employment, education, and training; 7,3% of young people between the ages of 5-24 years were living with HIV; and one in five young people (2 million) were victims of theft, and about one in 10 were robbed.

On 27 May 2015 the Cabinet had adopted the National Youth Policy (NYP) 2020 after a series of consultations by the Presidency. Its objective was to foster a sense of national cohesion, to acknowledge youth diversity, and to provide opportunities.

Looking at the status of youth at a glance, it had been found that the percentage of young people without matric was 65%. Young Africans remained largely unskilled compared to white youth. There was an unacceptable number of unemployed graduates, and teenage pregnancy remained at a highly unacceptable level. There was a lack of sporting, cultural and recreational facilities. Fewer young people participated in elections and their stated concerns were around jobs, service delivery, corruption and trust. TB and HIV were the main causes of youth deaths.

The NYP 2020 was committed to five areas:

Economic Transformation:

  • Youth employment or enterprises should be focused on industrial policy and beneficiation;

  • Facilitation of first-time entrants to the economy;

  • Specific youth set-asides in procurement;

  • Access to land, plus youth-focused empowerment, in key sectors of the economy.

Education and Skills Development:

  • Provision of more funding for academically deserving students from poor families;

  • Recruit graduates into the Public Service;

  • Commitments from state-owned entities to train artisans;

  • Access to information through IT development.

Healthcare and Healthy Lifestyles:

  • Increased access to information and knowledge around sexuality issues;

  • Responsive information, education and counselling to adolescents;

  • Overall transformation of the healthcare system, including the introduction of NHI;

  • Reduced availability of drugs and alcohol.

National Unity and Social Cohesion:

  • Support and harness youth leadership at all levels and sectors;

  • Confront systematic racism whilst encouraging dialogue amongst youth;

  • Use education, sport, arts and culture to foster the integration of young people beyond racial lines;

  • The teaching of history in schools.

Optimisation of the Youth Development Machinery

  • Leadership by the Presidency was crucial in terms of co-ordination and mainstreaming of youth development;

  • Empower the National Youth Development Agency (NYDA) through legislative changes;

  • Ensure that all departments have youth directorates that implement NYP 2020;

  • All provinces and municipalities to have dedicated youth service points and budgets.

The Presidential Youth Working Group (PYWG) task team would oversee the implementation of the youth development commitments of the government. The work streams would include implementation by all other sectors. The commitments in the NYP 2020 would be integrated into the medium term strategic framework (MTSF) 2014-2019 and be attached to specific outcomes and for reporting to Cabinet. The PYWG would receive annual reports.

She concluded that government alone could not deal with all these challenges. All key sectors should be mobilised for youth development, which would require radical and bold initiatives and interventions. There would be systems and measures for accountability to ensure implementation.

Department of Small Business Development Presentation

Mr Vijay Valla, Youth Development Director: Department of Small Business Development (DSBD), focused his presentation on the inculcation of a culture of industriousness among the youth to realise economic prosperity.

Some of the reasons that had made the DSBD focus on youth enterprise development were that it realised that youth between the ages of 16-35 years owned approximately 33% of all businesses in SA. It also recognised that about two-thirds (63%) of youth entrepreneurs were self-taught, and furthermore, fewer than 2% of the youth entrepreneurs reported tertiary institutions as a source of skills and training. Over 80% of youth enterprises were not registered. Now the development of the Informal Sector Business Development Strategy was aimed at attempting to modernise these businesses and steer them towards formalisation. Consequently, the Department had now developed six unique programmes aimed at addressing gaps in youth enterprise development.

The Mass Youth Enterprise Creation Programme:

The aim of this programme was to aid the creation of jobs through entrepreneurship and the creation of sustainable youth-owned enterprises. This was a flagship programme designed to engage young entrepreneurs over 24 months while providing a 12-month Skills Education Training Authority (Seta) accredited entrepreneurship certificate.

The Youth Mainstreaming Programme:

Nine economic cluster departments, nine provincial Departments of Economic Development and eleven state-owned enterprises (SOEs) would be capacitated in a mainstreaming framework and reporting template. This would be monitored on a quarterly basis to ensure that 30% of the programme beneficiaries were youth, and that 30% of their (provincial Departments of Economic Development and SOEs) procurement spend was directed to youth enterprises.

The Sector Specific Catalytic Programmes:

These projects created higher impact through leveraging on existing opportunities in the priority sectors and infrastructure development programmes of government, as expressed in the Industrial Policy Action Plan and the Regional Industrial Development Strategy.

The High Impact Youth Short-Term Projects:

This programme was mainly going to deal with Youth Month commemorations. The activism of the youth of today was focused towards successfully tackling the constraints of economic freedom, reducing poverty, unemployment, HIV and AIDS, personal development, and the development of the country. During these commemorations, the youth would be encouraged to understand the conviction of the generation of 1976, pay homage to their sacrifices, and pledge to carry on their legacy and principles of selflessness and determination.

The Youth Enterprise Development Workshop:

The workshops provide the provincial stakeholders with an opportunity to understand the focus and programmes offered by the DSBD that would benefit the youth enterprise, and also assist provincial stakeholders to align their youth enterprise strategies with the Youth Enterprise Development Strategy (YEDS) and DSBD flagship programmes like the Mass Youth Enterprise Creation Programme (MYECP) and Youth Mainstreaming Programme.

Financial Support Instruments to Support Youth Enterprises:

The aim of this programme was to create funding instruments that would cater for youth enterprises so as to assist them to overcome the challenges of obtaining start-ups, growth and expansion, and collateral funding. The first of these to be launched was the Youth Business Development Scheme (YBDS) instrument which was aimed at small youth enterprises to assist them to improve their competitiveness and sustainability, so that they participated in the economy and created jobs. Already, R20m had been allocated to the YBDS for the current financial year, and it hoped it would create youth jobs.

He concluded that challenges facing these programme were around budgetary constraints, because some programmes required urgent funding to get them off the ground. For example, the Youth Entrepreneurship Collateral Fund, which was a non-refundable, once-off grant that would serve as a collateral guarantee to secure a business loan to start one’s own businesses, was a priority. The DSBD had begun the process of coordination with the provinces and local spheres of government, and it had been discovered that there were different levels of learning and systematic gearing that needed to take place in these constituencies.

Report of the Commissions

Commission 1

Its focus was on the role of young Members of Parliament in the implementation of the NDP and the National Youth Policy (Vision 2020).

This Commission proposed that the Speakers Forum had to ensure that the Multi-Party Forum was constituted and endorsed. A similar structure should be replicated at the provincial level, and take lessons from the Multi-Party Women’s Caucus in terms of legitimacy and rules of Parliament.

It also indicated that more discussion on the proposed establishment of a Youth Ministry was required. It recommended that such a Ministry should sign transversal agreements with the state departments, and be well coordinated.

With regard to additional institutional and political mechanisms to heighten oversight over youth empowerment interests, it recommended that the youth should use social media platforms to communicate with Parliament and legislatures. This information should then be collated and fed into parliamentary processes as a feedback from the public. It further indicated a need for a year calendar for young people to engage with the legislatures and mitigate against apathy.

For the youth to leverage on-going re-industrialisation towards fundamental economic transformation, the Commission indicated that the manufacturing and retail sectors were key areas which must be examined. Agriculture and tourism were other areas that served as an opportunity to advance youth development in the country.

The Commission pointed out that the BRICS youth forum was an outstanding matter that required attention which should be followed up, as this served as another platform for youth advancement. It proposed that Round Table 2016 should take a different form, as part of an oversight report from all legislatures, and should identify mechanisms, weaknesses and challenges.

Commission 2

It confined itself to linking the municipal framework with the NDP for youth inclusion. The Commission indicated that planning should be a process that mobilised communities which were located in local government. These communities comprised mostly unemployed youth. This should be a starting point in terms of the NDP, which also stressed mobilisation of communities.

The planned activities within the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) should also be aligned with the youth development programmes. This required coordination within districts and sector departments. The issue was not necessarily who must do what, but how planning would be shared with all stakeholders concerned to create synergy within the planning process.

The Commission had heard that the youth wished to be partners in their development, and there had been agreement that there was a need for a strong voice in local, provincial, and national spheres. There was a need to package research and development of the local economic potential with a view to benefiting the local business youth.

The Commission also recommended that procurement strategies, especially those within the mining areas, must be geared towards empowering local people. Social labour plans and IDPs did not seem to talk to each other around mining areas. The observation was that where youth structures were non-existent, the planning would reflect on that.

The NYDA and South African Youth Council (SAYC) were expected to find expression within various programmes within the district and local municipalities that would cover sports and recreation, industrialisation, health, and skills development. There was a need to depoliticise youth structures, to ensure the more inclusive participation of youth. This meant the NYDA and SAYC should accommodate all youth formations. Some of the factors that seemed to marginalise the youth were hostilities towards elected ward councillors who might not have been the preferred candidates in certain structures.

The Commission recommended that monitoring and evaluation were essential to ensure that all youth structures receiving funding also accounted on the support provided to them, through quarterly reporting forums.

Commission 3

Its area of focus was on strengthening the capabilities of youth through sports, arts and culture. The Commission indicated that sport at schools was challenged, as it straddled two departments. There was a need for realignment and proper budgeting, and serious attention from government for sufficient resources and funding. Schools and communities needed to retain what they had, but also improve and increase their sporting infrastructure and facilities. Budgets needed to be prioritised.

The funding model required a revisit. Municipalities had competing priorities. The SA Local Government Association (SALGA) continued to lobby for dedicated grants for sport, arts and culture. The role of the private sector remained vital. Facilities needed to be affordable and attractive for our communities. Provinces did support sport councils, but the challenge was that the federations were not within the boundaries of municipalities. The Inter-Governmental Relations Framework (IGRF) should give tangible outcomes for communities to utilise sporting facilities at schools and municipalities.

The Commission recommended that we should avoid becoming an events-driven society with no cohesive programme to drive our various cultures. The departments were not collaborating with one another. The many festivals we celebrate were not being properly integrated to build patriotism. Regarding sports, the manner in which they were funded had become part of our challenges. It limited the scope of moving funds around in order to assist our sporting codes.

There had been an outcry for sporting infrastructure. Although government sets aside budgets for sporting infrastructure, municipalities had other priorities as well. Municipalities did not maintain these facilities and they collapsed because there was no municipal infrastructure grant (MIG) funding for maintenance. Therefore, consideration should be given to a proposal that sporting facilities be located in provincial departments.

The Commission felt much could be done, even when schools were able to share facilities and provide access to schools without facilities. It proposed that organised labour and the Department of Basic Education (DBE) engage in respect of voluntary commitment to after-hours involvement from teachers, to foster and nurture school sport. Such agreements should be contained in the formal Education Labour Relations Council resolutions.

The Commission had heard that draft legislation was in the pipeline in the Northern Cape legislature to amalgamate all sports federations and councils in the province. There was a need to review the current legislation in respect of sports, arts and culture.

Commission 4

This Commission looked at health and social transformation advancement through the NDP. It noted that the biggest challenge was the ease of access to alcohol and drugs. There was a need to raise the minimum drinking age. There was a clear ban on taverns being close to schools, but this still happened in abundance in township communities. This needed stronger monitoring and control. Peer pressure and conditions of poverty were contributing factors to social ills and dysfunction. Another contributing factor was incentives for dysfunctional behaviour, such as child grants.

The Commission pointed out there was a need to encourage social entrepreneurship more, in order to transform social conditions and address youth unemployment through entrepreneurial activity, especially tapping into young professionals, who plugged the gaps in their own working fields with innovation. The moral regeneration programme needed action and implementation.

The Commission also noted that active citizenship was a crucial element. There was a need to recognise that the social ills were rooted in the triple crises of unemployment, poverty, and inequality. In highlighting the importance of education, there should be a focus on the quality and content of education. Education must be made fashionable, making it cool to be a nerd.

The Commission recommended a need to upscale Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges; reopen nursing colleges; reduce salaries of political office-bearers and transfer savings to public servants in education, healthcare and law enforcement; and promote a developmental state as opposed to a welfare state, and make sure healthcare and education were accessible.

The Commission indicated there was a need to promote a culture of sports in schools by giving recreational opportunities in the afternoons. Entrepreneurial skills were needed for self-reliance. Public education was needed to counter denialism and superstition about HIV and lack of ARV treatment adherence.

Discussion

Dr Hlagala Presentation

Mr S Mncwabe (NFP, KZN) wanted to know how was the government going to ensure that the history books were updated and did not contain things that people do not like, such as the arrival of Jan van Riebeeck in 1652.

Dr Hlagala indicated there was a need to update history books. The Department of Higher Education was increasing its research input, and that was where history would be represented.

Mr Z Mbhele (DA) stated that accountability for performance in all these programmes that had been mentioned had not been defined. He wanted to establish what the consequences would be for the departments and other stakeholders if they did not fulfil their role.

Dr Hlagala reported that a structure had been established to ensure that key stakeholders were implementing the programmes in consultation with civil society and the private sector. This would be clearer when the Integrated Youth Development strategy was finalised.

Mr Wanda Qatyu commented that the disabled had been left behind in the economic transformation. The environment was not conducive for disabled people to attend universities, because most of them were not designed to accommodate them, and that was why they quit.

Dr Hlagala said there was a structure representing the interests of the disabled and which also looked at their performance.

Mr Vuyisa Khonzani (Mineworker) remarked that it was fine to talk about economic development when it was going to create jobs. People needed to think of a kind of economic development which was going to make young people create jobs and hire others, instead of having many job seekers.

Ms T Stander (DA) remarked that governance was a hindrance to achieving some of the programmes presented. Regarding safety, the country appeared not to have a dedicated police force. Also, there was always no budget. SA had money which could be used to do more, but corruption stole that money, which was why there was always no budget.

Dr Hlagala admitted that some youth organisations were collapsing because of the mismanagement of funds, and that was why there was the plan for the establishment of the Youth Development Framework.

Mr Jacob Khawe (Gauteng Legislature) commented that the establishment of the Multi Party Parliamentary Forum should focus on the youth. Its agenda should indicate if there would be collaboration and coordination between the national, provincial and local levels. He further said that the private sector was very quiet, and there was a need to have an engagement with it because it appeared the government was on its own, yet the private sector found it easy to invest in the JSE.

Dr Hlagala indicated that the establishment of the Youth Development Forum was going to help coordinate the efforts between the private sector and government.

Mr Khonzani added that the private sector should pay an education tax, because it took graduates from the Further Education and Training (FET) colleges, and the government did not benefit from the graduates in whom it had invested.

Mr Z Mandela (ANC) commented that the NDP was supposed to be a bridge between the rural and urban divide. It appeared not much had been done to train the youth in rural areas. They needed to be afforded opportunities, in terms of training and capacity building, in their own backyards because the focus appeared to be on urban youth.

Dr Hlagala explained that the National Youth Policy had prioritised the issue of women and the disabled in rural areas. This was going to include training and capacity development programmes.

Ms L Makhubele-Mashele (ANC) remarked that many state departments did not seem to take youth programmes seriously. Why this was happening was mostly left to the Portfolio Committees to find out. This meant the country was lagging behind in radical youth development programmes. She wanted to know if it was not advisable to advocate for a Youth Ministry, because it looked like there was no one who was going to carry out those plans under the circumstances.

Dr Hlagala said it was not only the Departments of Small Business Development and Rural Development and Land Reform that had youth programmes. Other departments had programmes, but what was lacking was coordination between the departments.

Ms P van Damme (DA) wanted to establish how the military conscription process was going to be implemented, because the National Youth Service Programme talked about it.

Dr Hlagala said it was not going to be compulsory. The National Youth Service Programme was there to ensure that all departments had programmes for youth, and they applied their own criteria for such voluntary services. It cut across government departments.

Ms Nozibele Makhanda ( Executive Mayor, Lukhanji Municipality) agreed with Dr Hlagala, saying that coordination remained a challenge between the three spheres of government. The silo mentality was increasingly becoming a problem in municipalities. For instance, it was common to find two or three departments within one municipality having youth programmes that did not talk to each other. There was a lack of collaboration and coordination. She further added that in KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape areas, there was a concept of anti-poverty “war rooms” that was taking place. Its aim was to alleviate poverty in rural communities. It was run by youth cooperatives.

Mr Thulani Tshefuta (SA Youth Council) commented that if the government had invested in the youth, then it had to present the opportunities. The fact that the young were roaming the streets meant there was something lacking in their lives. He pointed out that the presentation by Dr Hlagala had ignored the role of the civil society. Some programmes that were going to be implemented by the government were not going to go anywhere, and should rather be implemented by civil society.

A group of students from the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT), who hailed from Mvezo Village in the Eastern Cape, said that Dr Hlagala’s programmes did not seem to have a community representation. There was a need for active participation by the community. Without the involvement of the community, some of these programmes would not go anywhere.

A Member of Parliament commented that more and more people were relying on grants. Soon South Africa was going to be a welfare state, not a developmental state. South Africa was good with plans, but there was no political will and funding. The Department for the Disabled and Children had been established, but it had failed. Now there was talk about the establishment of a Youth Ministry.

Mr Tshefuta remarked that the NDP was likely to be a victim of protracted consultation. 15 years was a short term. Parliament had to ensure that development was not democratic. Not everyone had to agree to certain things. When things had to be done, they had to be done.

A Member of Parliament from the Northern Cape stated that the NDP would never be a strategic vision for SA in 2030. The only thing that would rescue SA was a radical policy transformation.

Mr L Tsenoli (ANC) informed delegates that when it came to the digital divide, South Africa was better than other countries in using technology to communicate with the people. He implored young people to use social media platforms in order to get to grips with what the government was doing.

Mr Takalani called for the rehabilitation of apartheid structures that had become white elephants in communities. These included the colleges that used to train teachers, nurses and agriculturalists.

Mr Sabelo Mgotywa (a miner) remarked that it was not good that minerals were being processed outside the country. The government and the private sector should make sure that mineral engineers and technologists were trained on how to process the minerals of the country, whether they were trained outside or locally. The minerals should be processed inside the country. Private companies that processed the minerals should be encouraged to contribute to the education of the children of the miners, and establish schools for them.

Mr B Mkongi (ANC) suggested that the Youth Round Table discussion should clarify the role the country should play in the Africa Agenda 2063.

The meeting was adjourned.

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