SUBMISSION

RECOGNIZING that the majority of child victims of violent crime, neglect or abuse will not be able to avail themselves of civil remedies for delicts, due to economic, social and cultural restraints;

RECOGMZING that compensation provisions in the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977, the Correctional Services Act 111 of 1998, the Prevention of Organized Crime Act 121 of 1998, the Domestic Violence Act 116 of 1998 and the Child Care Act 74 of 1983 are the most readily available avenues of financial redress for child victims of violent crime, neglect or abuse;

RECOGNIZING that alleged offenders who abuse or neglect children, or persons who acquiesce in this regard, come from a variety of socio-economic and cultural backgrounds; and

RECOGNIZING that child victims of violent crime, neglect or abuse require monetary compensation to assist with their rehabilitation.

IN LIGHT OF THESE FACTORS, IT IS SUBMITTED THAT:

1) The contribution provisions in the Children's Bill [B 70B-2003], namely Chapter 10, sections 161 and 166, are of paramount importance as they can provide financial assistance to children who are abused or neglected, without the need for recourse to criminal proceedings or criminal investigations. Section 1 of the Bill defines "respondent" as "any person legally liable to maintain or to contribute towards the maintenance of a child for whose maintenance, treatment or special needs a contribution order is sought or has been made in terms of Chapter 10". Section 164 of the Bill provides that a contribution order must instruct the respondent to pay the sum sated therein to the clerk of the children's court or to such other person as the court may determine."

Taking the above into consideration, the Committee should consider:

• Prescribing mandatory contribution order reviews in every children's court proceeding where the rehabilitation of the child is of concern;

• Requiring continuing education for magistrates and public prosecutors on the use of contribution orders and their suitability in conjunction with the "emergency monetary relief' provisions of the Domestic Violence Act. It is noteworthy that page 11 of the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development's 2004/05 Annual Report states that "training of court officials will be a priority for the implementation of the (Children's] Bill once it has been passed by Parliament."

2) The Committee should require that all funds in the Criminal Asset Recovery Account (Chapter 7 of the Prevention of Organized Crime Act) that derive from or were purchased with proceeds of criminal activities, that result in or contribute to the sexual exploitation or abuse of a child, should be available to compensate individual child victims of abuse and neglect for theft special and general damages. The criminal activities in question relate to the organized crime activities of child prostitution, trafficking, pornography or exploitive labour practices.

The existing mechanism for disbursing funds from this Account needs clarification, to ensure that individual victims can apply for compensation from the said Account. Currently, section 68 of the Prevention of Organized Crime Act prescribes that the Criminal Asset Recovery Committee shall "advise Cabinet in conjunction with the rendering of financial assistance to any other institution, organization or fund established with the object to render assistance in any manner to victims of crime."

3) Guardians and child complainants should be notified, in writing, that they can make submissions for contribution orders to the Children's Courts, and submissions for monies from the Criminal Asset Recovery Account to the National Prosecuting Authority. Written notice is essential as children and their guardians may not be aware of these provisions.

The need for heightened awareness of compensation provisions is reflected by the experience with such provisions in criminal proceedings. In this regard, the following should be noted:

• The South African Law Commission's Report, "Sentencing Restorative Justice (Compensation for Victims of Crime and Victim Empowerment) Issue Paper 7, 1997" at 13, noted that orders for compensation will "not be considered unless the complainant requests the public prosecutor to apply to the court for an order and complainants seldom make use of the provisions because they are either not present [at sentencing] or they do not know about the provisions of the [Criminal Procedure] Act."

• The 2004/2005 Annual Report of the South African Police Service (SAPS) on page 92 notes that out of more than 3,000 criminal convictions arising from the work of the Family Violence, Child Protection and Sexual Offences Unit only two complainants received compensation, totaling R1 950, 'while the state accrued R1 046 166 in fines.

If offenders are able to pay fines to this extent, it is clear that they can contribute to the financial needs of their victims. The absence of compensation can result in a victim forgoing essential services on their path to recovery. For instance, in a recent review of victims' experiences at the Bloemfontein Court for Sexual Offences it was noted that:

• "Another area of apparent misunderstanding and dissatisfaction was the extent that victims and their relatives received adequate therapeutic follow-up. Prosecutors were of the opinion that adequate provision had been made for victims' aftercare in 75% of the cases surveyed. The social workers, on the other hand, had reservations regarding the extent that victims were adequately followed up following their involvement with the court. The majority of victims (78.4%) claimed not to have been therapeutically followed-up after their involvement with the court. The victim's families reported low levels (23.8%) of post-trial involvement on the part of the state. Conversely, both the victims (85%) and their families (63.6%) felt that the victims of sexual offences were in need of some form of psychotherapeutic treatment or counseling. In the absence of professional support services, 51.3% of the victims and 18.2% of the family members reported having to rely on their relatives or their community to help them deal with their trauma.' (S Walker and D Louw 'The Bloemfontein Court for Sexual Offences:

Perceptions of its functioning from the prospective of victims, their families arid the professionals involved' (2004)17 SACJ 289-309).