Committee Programme

Meeting report

EDUCATION AND RECREATION SELECT COMMITTEE
2 February 2000
GENERAL PLANNING OF COMMITTEE PROGRAMME

SUMMARY
Minister Ngconde Balfour addressed this committee on his vision for the year 2000. The Department of Education reported on the results for the 1999 Senior Certificate Examinations.

MINUTES
Briefing by the Minister of Sports
Minister Ngconde Balfour addressed this committee on his vision for the year 2000. [See Annexure A] He strongly emphasised the importance of closer co-operation, and a greater degree of contact between the Ministry and the Select Committee. He recommended changes to the Sports and Recreation Act to harmonise relations between the Department and the Commission. The Minister urged all the provinces to put forward a strong mandate for sports, and to assist in the mindset change at improving sports.

Briefing by the Department of Education
The Department briefed this committee on the Report of the 1999 Senior Certificate Examinations. [See Annexure B] For further information on the statistics of the 1999 Matric Examination results, email us at [email protected]

Annexure A
Ministerial Briefing
NCOP Select Committee on Sport and Recreation

Introduction
After the festive season break, I am sure members of the Select Committee are eager to get back into the swing of their work. Allow me to wish all members and their families a joyous new year.

Members ended 1999 on an extremely busy note. This year is likely to be just as absorbing and it is my sincere wish that the Select Committee will work even closer with the Ministry this year. Let us continue using sport and recreation as a vehicle of change and transformation.

As the Minister of Sport and Recreation, I wish to use this opportunity to present to this esteemed select committee my vision for the year 2000 but at the same time, to point out the critical areas in sport and recreation which this committee needs to consider.

(a) The South African Sports Commission
We passed the South African Sports Commission Second Amendment Bill, which makes it possible for the Ministry to now finalise the appointment of the CEO. This process will be completed in due course.

In addition, a small Department will exist specifically to service the Ministry and to deal with Government related sport functions, as the SASC is a public entity. This arrangement does in no way clash with the South African Sports Commission or the Sport and Recreation Act from a legal point of view. The organisational structure of the smaller Department and the level of its head of Department will be determined by a work study exercise and job evaluation, respectively.

The two structures (SASC and DSR) will have to operate within the confines of the current available budget for sport and recreation. The existing budget will be realigned to provide for a division between the Department and the SASC. One of the objectives of the SASC is, however, to obtain more resources for sport from the private sector to enable it to address the shortfall in the funding of sport that cannot be resourced from government.
All posts in the new Department will be advertised internally. In terms of transitional arrangements, staff of the NSC will form the core of the Commission that will do the necessary preparation to have the Commission fully functional by 1 April 2000. The Department of Finance has agreed to the appointment of NSC staff to the Commission provided that their salaries are in line with those in the Public Sector.

Functions of the new Department:
· Administration of the vote for Sport and Recreation
· Coordination of Sports policy
· Coordination of legislation on Sport and Recreation
· Inter-governmental liaison
· Cabinet reports
· International, government to government relations in sport
· Transfer payments to clients including the national federations, NOCSA, Institute for Drug-Free Sport etc.
· Presidential Sports Awards
· Performance and financial monitoring of all clients
· Ministerial support

Functions of the SASC:
· Corporate Affairs
· Organisational development
· People development
· Strategic support

(b) Performance contracts with Federations
A lot has been said in the media and elsewhere about the degree to which our sports have transformed since the unification processes started and South Africa's re-entry into the international fold back in the early 1990's. Similarly, questions, such as, " Are we on the right track towards attaining the levels of representivity we envisage in our respective codes, and, what can we as national federations do to ensure that everybody has access to our sport?, must of necessity be asked.

In accordance with a commitment made by myself during a press conference in July 1999, a meeting was held towards the end of November 1999 where I met with seven (7) federations in Pretoria (viz. United Cricket Board of South Africa, Athletics South Africa, Squash South Africa, Netball South Africa, Swimming South Africa, South African Tennis Association, South African Hockey).

(Note: I did invite the South African Rugby Football Union to the meeting but since most of their officials were abroad they could not attend.)

The focus of the meeting was on the transformation plans of the federations in terms of qualitative and quantitative criteria. Some of the issues addressed included:
· representivity at all levels of involvement: officials, coaches and players
· Mindset changes aimed at improving governance, particularly with regard to democratic processes
· Problems experienced with the transformation process including issues such as lack of resources (human, financial, facilities)

All the National Federations that attended presented their plans to transform their codes over the next year. They indicated their achievement target for greater representivity in the following areas
· Representative teams
· Officials
· Referees/umpires
· Managers and coaches

This consultative process proved to be very successful as all the federations present committed themselves to pursue the transformation agenda vigorously. The federations signed performance agreements committing themselves to this process, the progress of which will be evaluated after one year in order to determine whether they have met their commitments.

I will continuously meet more national federations, as I firmly believe that it is imperative that all our sports federations must come on board in order for us to move forward collectively.

(c ) Broadcasting of sport events of national importance
Since South Africa's re-entry into international sport, South African teams and individuals from various sport codes have been participating in international competitions around the globe almost on a daily basis. For many armchair sports fanatics and supporters, sport has become almost like a daily soapy, which requires careful planning and discipline in order not to miss a single episode. As we speak, more and more sports programmes and channels are becoming available on a variety of satellite stations, thanks to modern technology.

Where does that leave those millions of South Africans who simply cannot afford the expensive gadgetry, which will enable them to watch their national rugby team defend their world championship title in Scotland and Wales?

My office was inundated with queries from people from all walks of life, as to why a national asset like rugby, during that prestigious event late last year, was reserved for only those who could afford decoders or who could attend the event personally.

I believe and maintain that such events (viz. Rugby Test Matches, Cricket World Cup and Test Matches, the Olympics etc.) where we as a nation compete against the rest of the world, should be accessible to all South Africans, one way or another.

I have met with senior representatives of the SABC to discuss matters relevant to sport. At the said meeting the representatives agreed to the formation of a joint SABC/DSR committee that will meet on a regular basis to discuss issues relating to sports broadcasting. The new Broadcasting Act pronounces clearly against exclusive broadcasting rights for pay television for sporting events that are deemed to be in the public interest.

The IBA is charged to find some agreements in consultation with myself as the Minister of Sport and Recreation on which events are classified as events of national interest. I am in the process of convening a meeting with the broadcasters to discuss this matter.

(d) School Sport and the role USSASA
The CEPD report
School sport remains one of our priorities as set out in our White Paper. Since 1994 the placement and funding of school sport has been in limbo. The National Department of Education did not see it as their responsibility and the function was not transferred to Sport and Recreation.

The long-awaited Centre for Education Policy Development, Evaluation and Management (CEPD) and the Education Policy Unit (Natal) report, entitled "An Investigation into the Organisation and Placement of School Sport" was submitted for discussion during October last year. The Department of Education and the Department of Sport and Recreation commissioned the investigation and research in 1998.

We are presently studying the report and I will meet with my colleague, the Minister of Education, as early as this month to discuss the report and to map a way forward. I do not wish to air my own opinion regarding the findings of the report at this stage, save to say that the contents, and especially the recommendations of the report will be thoroughly debated and discussed.

USSASA
The role of the United School Sport Association of South Africa in providing and enabling sport to develop at school level must be brought under close scrutiny. All stakeholders must play an active role in this regard, as I am seriously concerned as to the role that USSASA play in developing and coordinating school sport.

Two fundamental questions must be addressed:
· How does USSASA interact with our national sport federations?
· What is the role and function of national tournaments as part of the development strategy employed by USSASA?

(e) International Agreements
Currently we have Govt. to Govt. agreements in the field of Sport and Recreation with the following countries:
Australia Russia
France Mauritius
Canada Flanders
Netherlands Germany

We are currently in the process of finalising agreements with the following countries:

Syria Turkey Lesotho
Rumania Bulgaria Malaysia
Norway Namibia

Protocol Agreements which map out specific areas of co-operation and exchange have been signed with:
Australia
France
Canada
Exchanges between experts have already taken place, involving representatives from the Provinces (Australia), Volleyball SA (France), SA Hockey Association (France), Basketball South Africa (France), and the National Paralympic Association of South Africa (Canada). Local Government representatives from the Netherlands have also conducted workshops on Local Govt. Sports Policy in Kwa-Zulu Natal and the Western Cape. Exchange of experts and information as set out in the Agreements is ongoing.

(f) Issues relating to specific National Federations
I am sure that all the members of this committee are quite familiar with, and are interested in the sporting issues that have been all over the media over the past few months. From time to time federations experience, what I would call challenges. Some of these challenges relate to the general administration of the sport, while others relate more to specific structural problems which the federation in question sometimes fails to address. I would like to make it clear that most of these aspects are in the public interest and I would be reneging on my responsibilities as Minister of Sport and Recreation should I fail to assist these federations in addressing the problems. Since sport is also a national asset, something that South Africans generally want to see progress and grow, we have a responsibility as the guardians of sport in the country to assist, challenge and intervene where it is absolutely necessary.

Professional Boxing
Boxing is going through a tough time at the moment. Without raising issues such as the roles of the CEO, the Commissioners, especially the Chairperson, I would like to inform this committee that I have met with our boxing fraternity regularly over the past few months in order to assist them in solving some of their problems.

In further meetings it became known that the Commission was in financial trouble. The finance committee of the Commission could not account for the situation as all the information was with the CEO. This problem came to a head when the CEO used purse money of boxers to pay his own salary and an application for judgement against the commission was lodged with the court by their travel agent who was owed approximately R100 000. Judgement was subsequently granted and the assets of the Commission were attached.

The Commission is currently considering action against the CEO, after having suspended him from office. As soon as the matter has been addressed, I will consider my options with the Commission.

We still have a long way to go in sorting out the situation. I am, however, very optimistic that boxing will soon be on track again.

Female Boxing
I have never been against female boxing. I do not believe in discrimination against women, and I would never go against the Constitution, the supreme law of this country. However, as far as female boxing is concerned I need to point out a few factors.

I am sure we all agree that the 1954 Boxing Act is far from appropriate and functional in this the 21^st Century. We also agree that we should expunge those discriminatory clauses that prevent women from boxing. Our concern as the Ministry and the Department of Sport and Recreation is based on the fact that no formal recognized structure exists which could regulate and control female boxing. As some of you are aware, I have already met with delegations from female boxing yesterday to discuss the sport. It is agreed that we need to sit down with the female boxers and discuss their needs as well as the needs of the boxing fraternity as a whole, and devise ways and means through which the industry could be regulated. What about the safety measures that must be put in place to protect female boxers?

SAFA, PSL
Our national team is currently engaged in battle with the other soccer giants on the continent for the African Cup of Nations title, and I am sure that all South Africans are following their heroics in Ghana with great anticipation. I have been with the team for a few days in Ghana and I can honestly say that all is well with the team.

Over the past few months South African soccer has been embroiled in controversy. Needles to say, that as a national asset the crisis in soccer sparked a spontaneous outcry from interested South Africans who wanted to see the no. 1 sport in South Africa rescued and freed from the controversy engulfing the good name of the sport.

I have met with both the Executive Committee of SAFA and the PSL Board of Governors in an attempt to assist them with the crisis. As we all know, the PSL CEO, Joe Ndhlela, has been suspended and SAFA reported to me yesterday, at a meeting attended by some of you. I am currently studying their report and will inform this committee thereof in due course.

I am confident that with the type of cooperation the different role-players are exhibiting presently, the problems facing soccer will soon be something of the past.

Both Benni McCarthy and Philemon Masinga are back and available for South Africa, and I am especially glad about this development as I maintain that our young stars must play for their country. I would also like to make it clear that in no way did my department or myself put pressure on SAFA or on Benni's representative to enable his return to the National Team. It has never been my intention to become involved in the matter, but, and I must admit, I am happy that both of them are back.

Cricket
We also experienced the selection of an all-white cricket team playing against England at Centurion Park (Combined Gauteng-Northerns XI). The matter has been resolved, and the responsible persons apologised to the nation, but the sour taste it left behind will remain with us for some time. Hopefully, this unfortunate situation will never occur again.

I have also noted the resignation of Raymond White as president of the UCB. Cricket has decided to pursue a specific course of action in their quest for transformation. All positive moves by them must be supported.

Furthermore, federations like Karate South Africa, South African Lifesaving, to mention but a few, are facing crucial problems of their own relating to structural and administrative aspects. My department and Ministry are working hand-in-hand with these federations who have approached us for assistance.

These are just a few of the problems some of our federations experienced or are still facing. I believe that it is inevitable in any organisation that problems do crop up from time-to-time. I would also like to make it clear that it has never been my intention to become involved in the day-to-day running of our federations, but I refuse to sit back and do nothing when sport in this country comes under threat.

(g) SA 2006 Bid
July 2000 is just around the corner when FIFA will announce the host country for the 2006 Soccer World Cup Final. Our own Bid is growing stronger and stronger and I am confident that, come July, South Africa will be awarded the honours to host the greatest games of all.

The SA2006 Bid Committee is working day and night to ensure that everything is in place for the FIFA Technical Committee Inspection, which we anticipate, will take place early in March. We will only receive a four week notification of the exact dates of the visit. The focus of the inspection will be to determine whether South Africa has the capacity, national will and public energy to host this prestigious event.

Our Bid Book exceeds all the FIFA requirements and with the kind of support we are receiving from icons like Pele, Roger Milla and the FIFA President Sepp Blatter, I am more than pleased with the way Danny Jordaan, and his group are working towards getting everything in place. They are working around the clock on the bid and their efforts to secure the games for our country must be commended.

From Government's side we are giving the Bid Committee all the support they need. We need to mobilise our communities and basically show that as the representatives of the people of this country, we are taking the lead in supporting this campaign which is without a doubt of national importance.

A presentation was made by the Bid Committee at the General Assembly of the Confederation of African Football in Accra, Ghana. I make bold to say that our presentation was top class in comparison to those of our competitors. This presentation will be made to your committee later during the day.

I travelled to Ghana with Bafana Bafana and was impressed by their commitment to win the African Cup of Nations. They made a good start by beating Gabon and I extended the best wishes of all South Africans to them.

(g) Preparations for Sydney 2000 and Paralympic Games
Olympic Games
One meeting has been held with NOCSA where Sydney 2000 was discussed. NOCSA informed me that their preparations for Sydney are on track.
It has also come to my attention that NOCSA will only inform National Federations in March/April if they will be going to Sydney even though they have achieved the necessary qualifications to go to the Games. This has caused some unhappiness on the part of the National Federations and the players/athletes.

Paralympic Games
NAPCOSA has informed the Department that 50 athletes/players have qualified for the Paralympic Games in Sydney. There is a slight possibility that their wheelchair basketball team may still qualify. Twenty officials will be accompanying the team. NAPCOSA is also organising a supporters group that will be going to the Games.

They have also expressed the desire to have a joint hospitality centre with the Department of Sport and Recreation and preliminary meetings have been held to explore possibilities.

NAPCOSA has also requested that the President, other senior government members and myself attend the Games or part of the Games.

(h) World Anti-Doping Agency
The International Olympic Committee, stemming from the decision taken at the World Conference on Doping in Sport in February 1999, initiated the World Anti-Doping Agency, WADA. The general mission of the Agency is to promote and co-ordinate, on an international level, the fight against doping in sport in all its forms.

South Africa has no direct role or representation on the Board of WADA. However, the Supreme Council of Sport in Africa, of which I am the President-in-Office, as a representative of all the African countries, is represented on the board of WADA by the secretary-general of the SCSA, Dr. Eleyae.

During November 1999 I attended a Drugs in Sport Summit in Australia. The summit was initiated and hosted by the Australian Minister of Sport and Tourism, the Hon. Ms J Kelly. The primary theme of the summit was to reconfirm governments' commitment to the global fight against drugs in sport.

During the said summit, I committed South Africa to engage and contribute to the Sydney Consultative Group on Anti-Doping. This group was initiated by the Canadian Secretary of State for Sport, and was set up to evaluate and advise the IOC and the WADA board on the role of governments in the anti-doping field.

(i) Proposed Legislative Programme for 2000
· Sports Sponsorship Bill- August 2000- in draft form
· Boxing Bill- May 2000- in the process of completing draft
· Code of Conduct Bill - June 2000
· International Sports Relation Bill- June 2000
· Third Sports Commission Amendment Bill-

In addition to these Bills, I would like to inform this committee that we are also investigating the possibility of legalising Greyhound Racing. My offices have been flooded with correspondence on the matter from various interested parties. We are currently discussing the matter with the Dept. of Trade and Industry and we are hoping to start the formal processes in due course.

Similarly, I am arguing that Horse racing should be placed under the Department of Sport and Recreation/ Commission.

I would also like to remind the members of the committee that I am open to suggestions on any legislation that you might deem appropriate and necessary.

Conclusion:
It is my wish that there is closer co-operation between the Ministry and the select committee in the pursuance of our aims. I believe there is a need for a greater degree of contact. My doors remain open to all of you.
NGCONDE BALFOUR, MP
Minister of Sport and Recreation

Annexure B
REPORT ON THE 1999 SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION
1. INTRODUCTION
The 1999 Senior Certificate examination is the fourth Senior Certificate examination run on a non-racial basis by the provincial education departments and over the last two years we have seen a marked improvement in the administration of the examination. The 1999 Senior Certificate examination was written by 748 452 candidates in 5 558 examination centres throughout the country. In total approximately 1500 subject based question papers were set, moderated, typed and printed and approximately 8 million question papers were securely delivered from the point where they were printed and packed to the examination centres. The marking of these 8 million scripts was completed at 56 marking centres by 38 512 markers.

2. ADMINISTRATION OF THE SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS
2.1. Monitoring of the 1999 Senior Certificate Examinations
The Department of Education (DoE) and the South African Certification Council (SAFCERT) have monitored the 1999 Senior Certificate examination very closely. The monitoring by the national Department of Education included:

· A visit to all provincial education departments in August/September 1999 to establish the state of readiness of the provincial education departments to successfully administer the examination and to provide support where necessary.
· A visit to all provinces to monitor the writing of the Senior Certificate examination. Approximately ninety examination centres were visited by the monitoring teams from the DoE.
· A visit to marking centres to ensure that the marking process is executed according to principles and procedures prescribed in the National Policy on the Conduct of the Senior Certificate Examinations. During this phase the selection of markers was also scrutinised, and an audit of the transfer of marks from the scripts to mark sheets and to the computer system was carried out.

Barring certain minor problems that were identified by the Departmental Monitoring Team, the writing of the examinations, the marking process and the capture of marks were found to be efficiently administered. The monitoring team has noted that the 1999 senior certificate examination represents a marked improvement when compared to the 1998 examination.

The brief of the SAFCERT Monitoring Committee was to, "monitor the Senior Certificate Examinations process of all examining bodies so as to timeously raise objections prior to the release of the results, if any evidence is found to suggest unfair examination practices".
The SAFCERT monitoring teams were appointed in each of the nine provinces, and they were mandated to monitor the entire examination process. These teams were based in the provinces from the middle of September until the end of December 1999.

At a meeting of the monitors held on 24 December 1999, the monitoring teams agreed that there were no problems reported that seriously jeopardised the integrity of the examination. However, a few concerns were raised during the monitoring process and these were attended to by the monitors and the provincial officials concerned, and this did not affect the integrity of the examination. The SAFCERT Council has therefore, based on the reports from the Monitoring Committee, certified that the examinations in all nine provinces were conducted in a proper and orderly manner and has therefore accepted the results as a fair reflection of the achievement of the candidates. Formal permission has been granted to all nine provinces to proceed with the publication of the results.

2.2 Problems encountered with the conduct of the Senior Certificate Examinations
In a public examination of the magnitude of the South African Senior Certificate, it is to be expected that minor glitches will be experienced. During the writing of the examination the problems encountered included:
· The theft of the Mathematics Standard Grade paper from a school in the Western Cape. This matter was immediately reported to the police and two arrests were made shortly thereafter.
· Two "ghost candidates" were arrested at an Adult Learning Centre in KwaZulu Natal.
· In the Eastern Cape there was a problem with the packaging of the Fitting and Turning paper. Empty envelopes were sent to certain centres. This problem was solved as these question papers were faxed to the centres.
· At the Jericho West circuit office in the North West province the strong room could not be opened. The papers arrived late at the schools and the examination began at 11:30.
· In the Mpumalanga province the Mathematics Higher-Grade paper was attached to the Seswati paper. The Mathematics paper was not compromised.
· In the Gauteng province a wrong pack of question papers was delivered to the examination centre. This was returned to the District Office without being opened.
· In the Northern Province the Business Economics question paper was found with the Braille papers. The Business Economics paper was replaced.

In the marking of the scripts, some of the problems encountered included the following:
· In the Northern Province due to a catering problem a large number of markers were struck by diarrhoea. This delayed the completion of the marking process at one marking centre.
· In KwaZulu Natal there was an allegation of marking being done selectively by certain markers at the Eshowe Centre. An investigation by the Department concluded that this allegation was unfounded. However, there was a disagreement between the Deputy Chief Marker and a Senior Marker that appeared to be racial.
· In the Eastern Cape there was conflict between the University Management (University of Transkei) and the service provider responsible for catering. This matter was amicably resolved by the Eastern Cape Education Department.
· In the Eastern Cape, four Chief Markers threatened to withhold the marks of their subjects because they were not paid for the November 1998 marking. The outstanding payments were made by the Department and the marks of these subjects were released by the markers.

The improvement in the administration of the 1999 Senior Certificate examination can be attributed to the continued commitment and dedication of officials at both provincial and national levels who collaboratively tackled the challenges relating to the administration of the Senior Certificate examinations.

2.3 Review of the Senior Certificate Examinations by Cambridge International Examinations Syndicate.
As part of the Ministry's ongoing review of the Senior Certificate Examinations, the Minister of Education, Professor Kader Asmal, MP, requested the Cambridge International Examinations Syndicate to conduct an international review and bench-marking of all procedures relating to the conduct of the South African Senior Certificate Examinations. This review was conducted over a two-week period during the month of August 1999. The following is a summary of the findings of this review:
· The initiatives since 1997, by the provincial Examination Boards, the Inter-provincial Examination Committee (IPEC) and the Department of Education have contributed to a tighter and stronger examination system.
· Provincial Examination Bodies have in place systems which ought to guarantee the delivery and integrity of the Senior Certificate examinations in 1999, but quality may vary according to staffing levels.
· If any problems arise with the examination that will not be due to any lack of commitment by the staff and management in the provinces. Many are overstretched to deal with such large-scale logistical exercise on current staffing levels.
· High level security has been given special attention in the plans of each province at the critical stages of setting, typing, printing, packaging, storage and distribution of question papers.
· Provincial Examining authorities need to develop professional capacity (subject expertise) in-house, as well as administrative capacities if quality controls are to be carried out effectively.
· The 1999 Senior Certificate represents a dual examination system: those provinces that will include the year mark (continuous assessment) in the total scores for a subject and those that will not. SAFCERT policy to standardise year marks against externally assessed marks at a centre may be the only option in the short term, but a more "intelligent" form of statistical moderation, using judgements of moderators on centre performance alongside statistical information, needs to be explored.
· SAFCERT faces a difficult task in trying to ensure that the rigour of the question papers and the standard of the examination are consistent across nine provincial examining bodies. There was no consensus across the nine provinces on the desired effects of SAFCERT's actions.
· As regards administration, there is scope for rationalisation of provincial examining bodies, with a reduction through amalgamation. In liaison with the Department of Education they could draw on national banks of questions. To which each province will contribute, as well as administer Continuous Assessment (CASS).

The recommendations of the review by the Cambridge International Examinations are being seriously considered by the Department of Education and a plan of action will be put in place early in the new year to implement these recommendations.

As a follow up to this review the Council of Education Ministers (CEM) has already approved the international benchmarking of the standards of the Senior Certificate examinations. As a first step the Senior Certificate will be benchmarked with the Scottish Highers, and this process is scheduled to commence in the year 2000.

2.4 An evaluation of the Senior Certificate Examination System
The intervention of the Department of Education and the closer collaboration between provincial education departments has resulted in the remarkable improvement in the examination process. The focussed approach to the administration of the senior certificate examination, and the exceptional commitment of all officials involved in the examination process has contributed to this improvement. Despite the fact that certain areas are still in need of refinement, the examination system in the country is of a high standard. The contribution of educators, learners and the public at large in ensuring that there is no reliance on leaked papers must be commended.

The following are some of the areas that are in need of refinement or change:
· The filling of all vacant posts, especially those of professionals
· Appointment of editors to assist in the improvement of the quality of question papers.
· Standardisation of the provincial question papers.
· Moderation and standardisation of school based assessment
· Review of the number of subjects offered for the Senior Certificate examination.
· The inclusion of practical/oral marks for private and part-time candidates.

3. THE RESULTS OF THE 1999 SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS
3.1. Enrolment statistics